Windows NT Proposal Essay -- Essays Papers

Windows NT ProposalMigration to Windows NT Proposal PlanAs technology advances so should the products and services provided by companies. In solely(prenominal) industry, technology is becoming the key success factor to growth and profit. The ability to communicate with people all around the world has created a new market for business. In order to remain competitive, it is important for companies to utilize the most current technology. At ABC Inc., the use of the latest technological tools allows the confederation to provide first-rate, flavour architectural applied science services to its clients. As part of the companys strategic goal to increase profits and clients, the board of directors established an information technology steering delegacy to look at how the company could improve its technology. The committee was tasked to make sure the company had the latest available industry computer tools and to make sure all employees were uniform in terms of the technology. One of the most important findings of the committees research was the fact that the company and its branches were using varying types of softw atomic number 18 and hardware formations. The findings also showed that this deficiency of uniformity caused numerous communication problems not only with the branches and corporate offices, but also the clientele. These findings were reported to senior management. Based on the findings, recently, senior management do the decision to ensure all employees, branch offices and corporate office were working on the same software and hardware administrations. Management decided to move the full company to a Windows NT environment, in order to improve productivity, to create uniformity, to create a more functional network infrastructure and to develop an Intranet and Internet clear sites. The Information Technology department (referred to as the Team) was asked to take a look at the pros and cons of moving to Windows. The Team has prepar ed the following report ground on its research efforts. Business Requirement(s)ABC Inc. is a progressive company based in San Diego, California. Since 1980, the company has offered a full range of architectural engineering services, from planning and analysis to design and implementation. We currently employ over 50 people in our home and branch offices that include Las Vegas and San Francisco. Like many companies that apply computer... ...ipment. This problem would cause headaches when one network was not in synch with the others. Centralized manageability would increase the stability of the network system. Although Windows NT will be the operating system of choice, some of the companys UNIX system will have to be retained. The UNIX servers provide high-end graphics and geometric functionality so necessary in the architectural engineering field. However, once Windows NT 5.0 arrives with its 64-bit processor, the company will migrate its graphic functions to the NT format. Integrating the UNIX servers into the Windows NT system will be accomplished by using the public domain software known as Samba. Samba allows a UNXI server to behave similarly to a Windows-based server allowing clients to access and share Unix applications seamlessly via NT. Communication within our network has much improved with Windows NT. We are now capable of sharing files and data between all offices. Our Fast Ethernet Intranet provides speedy and stable communication transport. Justification Explain and justify the selected operating system1. Benefits of Migrating to Windows NT Feb 1998, p. 186, Brian Honan

How Acid Rain Affects the Aquatic Ecosystem Essay -- Geology

How Acid Rain Affects the Aquatic EcosystemAbstract This paper shows that window glass rain is a reality. It is destroying our fresh water ecosystems and must be stopped in order to save them. If the problem is not fixed soon the aquatic ecosystems will be destroyed.Table of Contents1. What is acid rain?2. Acidification of Freshwater3. make of Freshwater Acidification4. Where is Affected the most?5. What is being done to fix it?6. Conclusion7. ReferencesWhat is acid rain? Acid rain is polluted rain, snow, or fog. The burning of fossil fuels, base metal smelting, and fuel combustion in vehicles emits sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (FAQ Acid Rain). These gases enter the atmosphere and transform into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), which then acidify the water vapor. The acidified water vapor will then fall to the earth as acid rain, snow, or fog (Acid Rain and the Aquatic). This is called stringent deposition. There is also dry depo sition which falls to the ground in particulate form (FAQ Acid Rain).back to topAcidification of Freshwater The acidification of freshwater lakes and streams is not a new problem. Fish stocks probably died out in many lakes in Norway as early as the turn of the century. In the 1950s and 1960s this was finally associated to acid rain. Yet, it wasnt generally accepted by scientists until the 1970s (Rivers and Lakes).Acid rain either falls directly onto the lake or enters through the catchment (Buchdahl). A very small percentage enters directly so the majority enters through the catchment. The alkaline rich catchments can neutralize the rain. However, not all types of bedrock nonplus the same capability of neu... ...Available http//kola.dcu.ie/enfo/bs/bs14.htm, October 27, 1998.Acid Rain In Pennsylvania. Online Available wysiwyg//115/http//www.dep.state.pa....tate/airwaste/aq/factsheets/fs2036.htm, November 3, 1998.Buchdahl, Joe. Freshwater Acidification. Online Available http//www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/freshwat.html, October 28, 1998.Effects of Acid Rain on Water. Online Available http//epa.gov/acidrain/student/water.html, October 27, 1998.FAQ Acid Rain. Online Available http//www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/acfacts.htm, October, 28, 1998.Krabbenhoft, D.P. and D.A. Rickert. Mercury Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems. Online Available http//wwwdwimdn.er.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-216-95/index.html, October 27, 1998.Rivers and Lakes are Dying. Online Available http//odin.dep.no/html/nofovalt/depter/md/publ/acid/Rivers.html, October 27, 1998.

The American Dream and College Essay example -- Personal Narrative Edu

The American Dream and College My junior year of high school was filled with high emotions, stressful moments, and tension about where to apply to college and where I would be accepted and ultimately attend. At a Making the Most out of your Sixth Semester forum that year, the entire junior class experienced lectures from the schools college resource counselors about how to prepare for this arduous battle of college admissions. The way Sue Biermert, who is the College Admissions Counselor at my high school, opened the forum was by asking a question to the parents that put everything into perspective How many of you parents feel like you are successful? Every single hand shot up from the 500 parents in the auditorium. Of those that had their hands up, she asked, How many of you parents received an Ivy League education? Every hand went down. I could see friends mouths sit there in awe that getting an Ivy League education is not necessarily the greatest factor at ha ving a good life. Even though these surprise students were the ones hoping to be accepted by Yale and Harvard, they all simultaneously recognized that going to an Ivy League school is not a guarantee for success in life. The reality about American culture is that success is the result of individual experiences that suit the needs of each person, not necessarily the prestigious institution of nurture that one attends. The college resource counselors that night wanted to stress one central problem that we were all going to face in the next twelve months. Invariably, they highlighted with ad hominem stories and anecdotes that the admissions process is the most untrustworthy and unpredictable game anyone can get involved in. ... ...d reach the top. Unless there is a consensus in public opinion to scrap class reproduction, this system in our culture will grow exponentially more competitive annually. America is not what it once was, and it is an extremely a rduous job to carry on a job without a college degree. While there is a rush to get married and have a family still at a young age, people still realize that you need to know where your next paycheck is coming from to support yourself. The American Dream is still a looming theory that people are striving to attain, and those people are the students of America that are being told from our elders that this is what it takes to reach that point. While it may be dirty political sympathies to do what it takes it get by and be accepted, American culture has become a love for the game in order to perceive that desired part of success.

Evolution, God and Society :: essays research papers

The Island of Dr. MoreauEvolution, God and SocietyIn the book The Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Wells, we see a microcosm in which Evolution, God and the society ar all represented by something strange. First, Dr. Moreau is playing the role of God. Dr. Moreau is an educated man trying to prove that he can turn an animal into a homosexual form, so that the animal will forget all of its animal instincts and become more and more human. After Moreau created these beast men, he then controlled them through care. The fear was of pain. The house of pain was were the creatures were created and they all remember the pain and therefore associate Dr. Moreau with pain so they do not scram to go back. Montgomery play the part of an ignorant assistant. Montgomery was not a stupid man, but he was torn between good and bad, right and wrong, and friendships. I think he tried to play the part of the massager or the son, but he did not agree with what Moreau was doing to the animals. The Creatures did not respect him the same as Moreau because he had not caused them whatever physical pain. Montgomery fit in and got along with the beast people more than Moreau did. If he would have stood up to Moreau and made the experiments stop, he then could have been an angle, or a godlier figure. The only thing that kept Montgomery from sack crazy was all the alcohol that made his mental pain go num. past we have Prendick, the voice of reason. Poor Prendick came to the island after being stranded out at see on his little boat. He plan he was going to die, and his friends and family back at home probably thought he was also dead. But, he was saved by a large boat that Montgomery and customary animals were using to get back to the island. When Prendick steps off the boat onto the island, he can not still begin to understand what creatures are lurking around, some even helping to unload the boat and speaking like humans. Within the first week of being on the island, he knew something w as wrong and needed to be done. Prendick thought that Dr. Moreau was turning humans into animals. This in his eyes was wrong and he was ready to do something about it.

John Kenneth Galbraith :: essays research papers

               John Kenneth GalbraithThe Canadian-born, Berkeley-trained John Kenneth Galbraith has been considered by many as the "Last American Institutionalist". As a result, Galbraith has remained something of a renegade in modern economics - and his work has been nothing if not provocative. In the 1950s, he presented economics with two tracts that needled the mainstream ace developing a theory of price control (which arose out of his wartime experience in the Office of Price Administration) which he argued for as an anti-inflation policy (1952) the second, American capitalist economy (1952), which argued that American post-war success arose not out of "getting the prices right" in an orthodox sense, but rather of "getting the prices wrong" and allowing industrial concentration to develop. It is a formula for growth because it enables technical innovation which might otherwise not been done. How ever, it can only be regarded as successful provided there is a "countervailing causality" against potential abuse in the form of trade unions, supplier and consumer organizations and government regulation. Many have since argued the formula for East Asian success later in the century was based precisely on this combination of oligopolistic power and "countervailing" institutions. It was his smallish 1958 book, The Affluent Society, that earned Galbraith his popular reknown and professional emnity. Although the thesis was not astoundingly new - having capacious been argued by Veblen, Mitchell and Knight - his attack on the myth of "consumer sovereignty" went against the cornerstone of mainstream economics and, in many ways, the culturally hegemonic "American way of life". His stark naked Industrial State (1967) expanded on Galbraiths theory of the firm, arguing that the orthodox theories of the perfectly competitive firm fell far short in analytica l power. Firms, Galbraith claimed, were oligopolistic, autonomous institutions vying for market share (and not profit maximization) which wrested power away from owners (entrepreneurs/shareholders), regulators and consumers via conventional means (e.g. vertical integration, advertising, product differentiation) and unconventional ones (e.g. bureaucratization, capture of political favor), and so forth Naturally, these were themes already well-espoused in the old American Institutionalist literature, but in the 1960s, they had been apparently forgotten in economics. The issue of "political capture" by firms was expanded upon in his 1973 Economics and the Public Purpose. But new themes were added - notably, that of public education, the political process and stressing the provision of public goods. Although often not acknowledging it explicitly, many economists have since pursued themes brocaded by Galbraith.

John Kenneth Galbraith :: essays research papers

               John Kenneth GalbraithThe Canadian-born, Berkeley-trained John Kenneth Galbraith has been considered by many as the "Last American Institutionalist". As a result, Galbraith has remained something of a renegade in modern economics - and his work has been nothing if not provocative. In the 1950s, he presented economics with two tracts that needled the mainstream oneness developing a theory of price control (which arose out of his wartime experience in the Office of Price Administration) which he argued for as an anti-inflation policy (1952) the second, American capitalist economy (1952), which argued that American post-war success arose not out of "getting the prices right" in an orthodox sense, but rather of "getting the prices wrong" and allowing industrial concentration to develop. It is a formula for growth because it enables technical innovation which might otherwise not been done. However, it can only be regarded as successful provided there is a "countervailing male monarch" against potential abuse in the form of trade unions, supplier and consumer organizations and government regulation. Many have since argued the formula for East Asian success later in the century was based precisely on this combination of oligopolistic power and "countervailing" institutions. It was his smallish 1958 book, The Affluent Society, that earned Galbraith his popular reknown and professional emnity. Although the thesis was not astoundingly new - having foresightful been argued by Veblen, Mitchell and Knight - his attack on the myth of "consumer sovereignty" went against the cornerstone of mainstream economics and, in many ways, the culturally hegemonic "American way of life". His wise Industrial State (1967) expanded on Galbraiths theory of the firm, arguing that the orthodox theories of the perfectly competitive firm fell far short in analyt ical power. Firms, Galbraith claimed, were oligopolistic, autonomous institutions vying for market share (and not profit maximization) which wrested power away from owners (entrepreneurs/shareholders), regulators and consumers via conventional means (e.g. vertical integration, advertising, product differentiation) and unconventional ones (e.g. bureaucratization, capture of political favor), and so forth Naturally, these were themes already well-espoused in the old American Institutionalist literature, but in the 1960s, they had been apparently forgotten in economics. The issue of "political capture" by firms was expanded upon in his 1973 Economics and the Public Purpose. But new themes were added - notably, that of public education, the political process and stressing the provision of public goods. Although often not acknowledging it explicitly, many economists have since pursued themes raised(a) by Galbraith.

Mahatma Gandhi: Influence, integrity, and Tide of Social change Essay

Mahatma Gandhi- Influence, Integrity and Tide of Social Change The past has witnessed eminent men in the form of kings, political leaders and sages who made the introduction a better place to live. Only few were able to lead an entire nation and bring a significant change to millions. Many open power and authority and relied on the strength of armies. While, there was a man in India who explored the power of one he raised consciousness with bulge out raising his voice. Mahatma Gandhi, a political and spiritual leader who led the way of non-violence and truth did significant contribution to humanity and mess of India. Gandhis ultimate leadership principles and struggle instal India free from 200 years old British reign. Gandhi, with his impeccable influence and integrity, brought a positive change formulating a rude(a) India.In southeasterly Africa, when Gandhi politely asked his followers to help him volunteer for the victims of pneumonic plague (in spite of knowing the risk o f infection, by the contagious disease) they agreed and said, We go where you go (Barnabas & Clifford, 2012, p. 143, 4). With his credibility as notable humanitarian and leader, he influenced a group of Pathans to pledge for non-violence. He worked behind the scenes willingly, without the need for constant recognition or approval from others. In South Africa, he used to walk past the president Kryers house in Johannesburg. One day there was a guard change the new guard pushed and kicked Gandhi into the street. One of his influential friends saw this and asked him to go to court. Gandhi felt no resentment for the under-estimation of his self by the guard. Instead, he had forgiven his abuser. Gandhi preached forgiveness and always had the consistency in his words and actions.He practiced service-leadership and voluntary subordination. When Zulu rebellion took place, in South Africa, it injured many Zulus with no one to attend their injuries. Gandhi along with 23 of his volunteers nu rse them back to health (Barnabas & Clifford, 2012). Unlike other leaders, who identified with the symbol of power, Gandhi identified with the symbol of service to humanity. He was people-centric and symbolized the people he served.Gandhi had an ability to empower people and truly believed in staff-development. He tried to mound a new free Indian who could stand on his own, to fight for freedom. Eventually, he developed a self-help culture in shining India. Wherever Gandhi went, he remained available for his followers and built real genuine relationships. He willingly spent his time with workers and carried out clerical work of the Congress office. Heath, the chairman of Indian Conciliation Group, London in 1939 wrote about Gandhi, He is also the man of much physical work, rattling approachable, lovable and humorous (Barnabas & Clifford, 2012, p. 140, 2).With Qualities like integrity, people-centric, influence and self-discipline Gandhi brought out a positive change in people acro ss the globe. Even though, Gandhi was the leader of the Indian National Congress on its formation, he did not seek after influential posts. Instead, when young leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru rose up he chose him his permutation even after independence he did not take any position in the government but remained humble as a servant to mankind. His deeds and fundamentals got him inscribed with golden words in the pages of history. The father of the Nation unheedingly ignited people with non-violence, truth and patriotism.ReferencesBarnabas, A., & Clifford, P. S. (2012). Mahatma gandhi- an indian model ofservant leadership. global journal of leadership studies, 7(2), 132-152. Retrieved from http//www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/ijls/new/vol7iss2/IJLS_Vol7Iss2_Barnabas_pp132-150.pdfBook, N. (n.d.). Ncert book english flamingo class xii. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/doc/14329823/NCERT-Book-English-Flamingo-Class-XIICourt Verdict Published in Dailies SC set apart Karnatak a (n.d.). Retrieved from http//courtverdict.blogspot.com/2011/05/sc-set-aside-karnataka-mlas.htmlPalshikar, K. (2012). Charismatic leadership. Unpublished manuscript, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, Retrieved from http//www.unc.edu/ketan/documents/Charismatic Leadership.pdf

Design and Technology Essay

Chair mob Lillis work condition of Black draw online obtain A chaw of people want to k with egress delay how Black take divulge came to be. Well, its a long story, full of twists and turns, action and adventures. There are even a few scary bits. But seeing as you asked why dont you pull up a metaphoric chair around my metaphoric fire and Ill tell you the story of Black Milk When James was young, there was a time that he was broke, and completely(prenominal) adept around him seemed to have a great job that they enjoyed, I was broke, bored and rather cold. At that level off most people would have got a job and a beanie, but not I.He woke up one morning with a trust to make himself a garment, he went out and bought a second hand sewing machine, and with solely $6 left in his wallet, he bought the cheapest nylon lining that he could find. He still does not know why he had such random impulse but he is very glad he did, It was these black decisions that lead me down the path to Black Milk. Nylon lining is one of the least attractive fabrics in the market he had to make a fitted shirt with no one to teach him how to sew this complicated fabric. It was tragic. The stitching was wrong, the pieces were vacillation weird, and the neck was a nothing more than a hole.And I loved it From that moment, things changed. He began doing odd jobs, but at the back of my mind I was plotting and planning. If I got ten bucks it wasnt just ten bucks it was half a meter of branded fabric. trey dollars was a new packet of needles. A hundred bucks meant I could hold fast my machine fixed. With all his enthusiasm he worked in trial and error interrogatory different ways of sewing bits and pieces of fabric. You will immediately notice 1. Both legs are too short 2. The pattern on the right leg is crown down (Hey, Im a slow starter, alright? )However, despite this every girl who tried them on wanted to buy them. Which was super load-bearing(a) for me. So I kept going. A fter one week of teaching himself how to sew with a half working machine, he went into a dance shop and bought some shiny sparkly fabric. The shop was full of mothers, grandmothers, and me. They looked at me like I was from another planet. He bought a tribal African print because he had seen on the shops that these prints were in fashion, he thought about the fabric and matte an intuition that it would look best on legs. He started working immediately, displace up apattern, cut it out and made a pair of leggings in an impressive time for a starter. He wanted to try the leggings on a model and talked to his friend who had a friend who agreed to be a model for James to see if they fit. She put them on, and they didnt. So he cut them again, and sewed them again several times. And they still didnt fit. I must have recut those things ten times. And lastly, they fit. It was at that point that something remarkable and completely unlooked-for happened, this changed everything. She asked if she could buy them. She took out her wallet, gave him some money and walked off with James leggings.I couldnt stop smiling for the rest of the day. It was at that point that James felt that it was not impossible. I knew that if there was one girl prepared to buy one pair of my leggings, there were (probably) a hundred girls out there who would do the same. He felt even more confident and he worked even harder to start his own little business I threw myself into it with a passion. I would spend 5-6 hours a day on the sewing machine trying to figure out how to sew properly. I even attended sewing lessons at the local sewing shop (yes, I stuck out like a sore thumb). It was pretty tough in those early days.On more than one occasion I came ratiocination to throwing everything in the bin. The next in the list was get out and failing his objectives, so he went door to door, trying to get shops to sell a few of his pieces. And after several painful nos, one place finally agreed t o display a few of James clothes in a corner of their shop. Unfortunately, a week later and they gave him every single piece back. But he was very determined and bought markets to sell his clothes in the Saturday markets. Since 530am every single Saturday, James stood around under the sun all day, selling his creations.He was considerably unpopular at the markets, but hundreds of girls all around the world were very interested when they tack his clothes through blogging, that in short became lots more famous than the tent and so James decided fatefully to make Black Milk exclusively into an online fashion label. I talked to a few people in the industry who told me I was make a big mistake and that I would go broke within the month. I was told that online selling was only for companies with real shops. But real shops werent interested in my clothes, so I went online.As it turns out, it was a very good idea. ) Within 3 old age Black Milk have gained all over 15000 fan on Facebook been so huge that the team cant keep up with the sales and a lot of sharkies (Black Milk fans) are getting disappointed on the low reach of the company. James is working as fast as he can with the team to improve his production. Black milk is selling products all around the world, but James himself blogged that the top countries currently buying black milk are So what the heck maybe well just go nuts and set up a studio in the US. You only live once.And of course, we will still have our Australian studios and they will keep expanding. Of course, it goes without express that our strict policy about not manu detailuring in the third world is not going to change any time short. In fact never. ) I dont know what this hand signal means, but if it is something along the lines of Guess what Black Milk did a deal with LucasArts and so the most nasty clothing ever created will be available Soon then it is surprisingly accurate James is very excited that the industry grows bigger every da y and very fast. kind of of me sewing away by myself at night, we have a fantastic team who pump out thousands of garments every month. Instead of trying to get our clothes into real shops, were online and loving it. Instead of selling to a few girls at the markets, we now have a society of the most amazing girls you could hope for who are passionate about the brand. However, there are some things that havent changed. I still love making clothes. I still love hearing from girls who buy the clothes. I love seeing all the different ways girls style their Black Milk pieces, and I love working with all the Black Milk team.Game Boy Print Swimsuit This swimsuit was posted by a number of fashion blogs and websites even before it was released, Black Milk ran out of stock in less than 2 days. Surprisingly a lot of males bought this piece to give it as a present. Spartan leggings Lindsay Lohan wearing Spartan Leggings from Black Milks liquid collection. The Muscle leggings This is an idea th at we have been thinking about for a while. A few people encouraged me to do it but I never quite got around to it. Then I got a spare afternoon one day and decided to have a good go at making it work. It worked. perhaps a little too well unimpeachably our most meaty design.. Posted in over 30 blog entries and internet articles, these leggings have been very controversial, both males and females from many countries have been purchasing them, in the other side, the comments from sharkies and teens on social nedeucerks show either that they absolutely love them or would not wear them at all. Composition Polyester/Spandex Oscar Tusquets Blanca architect, painter and designer born(p) in Barcelona-Spain in 1941. Studied at the School Llotja of Barcelona and the ETSAB. In 1964 he founded the PER Studio with Lluis Clotet, in which worked regularly until 1984.In 1987 Blanca associated with the architect John Smith and carried out projects in countries like Japan and Germany. In 1980 par ticipated in the enlargement of the Barcelona School of Medicine and cardinal years later in the remodelling of the Palau de le Musica catalana in Barcelona (which will be explained latter on). He also participated in various urban projects such as remodelling of the Convent dels Angels area or the construction of the Olympic Village, two projects in the Catalan capital. He has been awarded several times with the gold prize FAD Delta and in 1987 received the Creu de Sant Jordi.His Italian tradition merely lies in his close cooperation with the manufacturers of products and with his close rtelationship with the technicians. At this time it was very rare for a Spanish or Italian designer to produce working drawings from their designs. Concept sketches serve only to convince the designer himself and his assistants within the studio that a design proposal is possible and to develop the main idea but Blanca prefers to strike up vista to face discussions with those responsible for manuf acture and designs may be modified many times before the shape and form of the product is finalized.Blanca believes that there are two types of technicians, those who only see difficulties and the usually older craft-men who say this may seem impossible but if I make it this way perharts it is possible if a designer does not propose silly things the technician will respect him, it is not possible to improvise design. His success consists in insistent supervision, not only because he prefers to build a comfortable environment for everybody but because he believes that if the design is a failure it is completely my fault.He worked for several companies a lot of them owned by personal friends, he was highly attached to the technicians they are clever and full of suggestions rather than coercive. But he also had his up and downs, such as the disagreement with the furniture manufacturer knoll international which Blanca believed was overdoing the suggestion that he submit three elucidat e design solutions for a chair.Blanca found the task impossible to come up with because he was a strongly innovative man and in Spain at the time, the market was cost effective and manufacturers believed cheaper to model Italian and Swedish designs, finding a cheaper solution than that, required a bit more than cleverness including the fact that the manufacturing had to be as cheap as possible and he found the deal with the rest of the workers very hard to accept because it went against his principles.Finding one solution only was hard enough. However soon enough, Spain entered the European Community and the industry around Barcelona and Valencia begun to change as imports tariffs had dropped. It was no longer cost effective, the Italian and Swedish designs were put aside because Spanish consumers could now afford the products of competitive wares which started looking for designers. Blanca had a lot of enthusiasm in trying new inventions which he would not have had the courage to try with Italian producers.The range begun in 1984 and comprises seven different chairs. The lattest was designed for the restoration of Domenech I Montaners 1903 previously mentioned Palau de le Musica Catalana in Barcelona. It is described as an auditorium chair and much study has been applied to the acoustical problems a good chair for a cinema is a bad chair for a conference hall This was the final solution, designed for auditoriums. It was first used when renovating the Palau de la Musica Catalana, in Barcelona.However this design was so happy, that if a designer saw it, would think it had been evolving and being perfectioned for years rather than the truth, a lucky clever design. Underneath each seat users find a Helmholtz resonator, which, absorbs the same amount of sound as a benevolent body when the seat is upright. The result is little difference of reverberation no matter how many people were in the hall. This design is said to be successful because is now being used i n more than 50 public halls in Spain, including the Senate.This chair was only one of the innovative solutions that Blanca introduced to the Palau de le Musica Catalana that he spent six years enlarging, restoring and air conditioning. The In the first phase, which took several years to achieve, Blanca among with his co-workers, repaired the very damaged parts of the old building and equipped it with healthful facilities, accessibility, safety and comfort features. These were of course unimaginable a hundred years earlier, but his team made it possible.Palau de le Musica Catalana. Sketches in the process of refurbishment of Domenech I Montaners Palau de le Musica Catalana However the most noteworthy part of the project was to take advantage of the adjacent unfinished church part of the site, to sacrifice up the central hidden area properly and more efficiently, even though, remarkably, Domenech had bestowed on it a richness of treatment to be compared with that of the facades, thu s opening up a new entrance to the Palau.In the extension adjacent to the stage, Blanca provided services for the performers rehearsal room, dressing rooms, library, etc In 1979, Alessandro Mendini invited eleven architects from all over the world to design a tea and coffee set Michael Graves, Hans Hollein, Charles Jencks, Richard Meier, Paolo Portoghesi, Aldo Rossi, Stanley Tigerman, Oscar Tusquets, Robert Venturi, Kazumasa Yamashita and Mendini himself. The overall set is an exercise in micro-architecture, reflecting the various architectural styles of the day.The outcome was presented as Tea Coffee blank space and 99 sets were made in silver, bearing the monogram of each designer. According to Alessandro Mendini in the Domus magazine, Blanca became well known because of the design of the tea set. This product is everything but aimed at all formalistic or decorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to man age to take apart the problem of containing and pouring hot liquid.He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been graduatedly shortened and displaced towards the speed part of the vessel. This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping.Another problem area is the negociate, there being three traditional types the top handle Japanese, the lateral handle which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common the outjutting horizontal handle. OTB discovered that the handle had also been subjected to a gradual process of simplification, leading to unacceptable levels of discomfort overheating, imbalance, insufficient surface grip area , and so on. Models of the teapot, His studio used balsa and papier Mache for model making.For the Alessi tea set he had a wooden model made professionally because of his distance from Italy. This product is everything but aimed at all formalistic or decorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to manage to resolve the problem of containing and pouring hot liquid. He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been gradually shortened and displaced towards the upper part of the vessel.This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping. Another problem area is the handle, there being three traditional types the top handle Japanese, the lateral handle which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common the outjutting horizontal handle.

Racial Discrimination Essay

Racism and Discrimination are represented in the lilliputian story Country Lovers and the poem What Its the like to be a Black female child. some(prenominal) the curt story and this poem have a main character which is protagonist downcast-market female. Both of the women deal with discrimination because of their race.Racism is something that we see, hear and experience in our everyday lives. Racism is something that people dont speak rough or dole out the issue, for example in the short story Country Lovers. The short story Country Lovers was written by Nadine Gordimer in 1975(Clugston, 2010). This short story is about a love between a dimmed misfire named Thebedi and white boy named Paulus Eysendyek taken place in Africa. The two of them played together much of their kidskinishness days. Eventually time passed and they began growing up and distance themselves from one another.Paulus was the son of the farm owner and Thebedis father worked for Pauluss father. They both k new that their friendship wasnt accepted in the public. Throughout this short story there are examples of dramatic effects. The first examples is when the narrator talks about Paulus going away to aim This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen so that by time early adolescence, is reached, the morose children are making along with the bodily changes park to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie little = master (Clugston, 2010).The friendship created between them during their childhood still remains. Paulus and Thebedis parents neer told them, they couldnt see each other but yet, there was always this unspoken knowledge that Paulus and Thebedi couldnt be friends publicly. An example of the unspoken racism Paulus came base from school and brought Thebedi a gift. She told her father the missus had given them her reward for some works she had done at the farm stick out. Shetold the girlfriends in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about tat away, away on another farm, they giggled, teased, and admire her. (Clugston,2010).The loss of innocence and love that shouldnt be was described when Paulus watches Thebedi play in the water. The school girls he went swimming in the dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he matt-up now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth-smelling deep shade. They were not timid of one another, they had known one another always, and he did with her what he had done that time in the store room at the wedding, and this time it was so lovely, so lovely, he was surprised and she was surprised by it, he could see in her dark face that was part of the shade, with her big dark eyes, shiny as bonkers water, watching him attentively as she had when th ey used to huddle over their teams of mud oxen, as she had when he told her about detention weekends at school. (Clugston 2010)At the end of this short story when Paulus arrived home from veterinary college for the holidays. The racism is very real throughout the city. Paulos finds out that the young black girl Thebedi had given birth to a baby. He goes to Thebedis hut to see for himself. When her reaches the hut and sees the baby. He struggled for a moment with tears, anger and self-pity. He asked, You havent been near the house with it? (Clugston, 2010) His reaction saluteed that he knew their relationship could never be public knowledge. He was ashamed of her and the baby.As the story diminishs to an end Paulus returned to the hut where Thebedi and the baby lived She thought she hear small grunts from the hut, the kind of infant grunt that indicates a full stomach, a deep sleep. After a time short or long she didnt know that he came out and walked away plodding stride (his fath ers gait) out of sight, towards his fathers house (Clugston, 2010).The realization that Paulus killed the infant child that day when returned to Thebedis hut. The baby was not fed during the night and although she kept telling Najabulo it was sleeping, he saw for himself in the morning that the baby was dead. He soothe her with words and caresses. She did not cry but simply sat, staring at the door (Clugston, 2010).Reading this story showed racial discrimination in the society. It showed a community divided because of race. And because of racism, it cause a sad tragedy between two people that was madly in love.The poem What Its Like to Be a Black Girl (For those of you who arent) (Clugston, 2010), which was written by Patricia Smith in 1991. An explanation in its purest form of What Its like to be a Black Girl (for those of you who arent) by Patricia Smith, the explanation from the first three syllables First of all, the author gives a sense of a story being told. She uses sentenc e structure and language to show the reader the seriousness of her topic Smiths poem. Smiths poem gives readers an insiders view into a young black girls transition to a wo composition at a time when being black was hard for society to deal with color of black people.Puberty is defined by biological changes a young girls body experiences starting around age 9 to age 15. Its being 9 year old and feeling like your edges are wild, like theres something, everything, wrong. (Smith, 4). The puberty transformation for a young girl has to be difficult.The poem Whats its like to be a Black Girl, is a look into the mind of a black girl growing in a society that promotes racism and discrimination, both of race and gender. Not knowing where you fit into society being a young black girl and also trying to accept your body going through puberty changes. As a black girl, taught to be ashamed of who you are, how you look and where you come from. This black girl wanted society to accept her or she w ould rather be white in order to be accepted in society.Nadine Gordimer was innate(p) in 1923, She has lived in South Africa since birth except for a year she spent in college has devoted all her adult life towriting-13 novels and 10 short stories collections, her work have been published in 40 different languages. The socioeconomic system is a dominant theme in her writing, later her works glow challenges accompanying the changing attitudes in the country toward racism. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1991 (Clugston, 2010). Patricia Smith who was born in 1955, was an African American poet and performance artist has win the National Poetry slam four times.The hardship that black women suffered in the poem and the short story is still being suffered by black women and black men growing up being discriminating against created a dramatic story. While reading this poem, I could understand being a black man and raise by a black woman in Tuskegee, Alabama the discrimin ation she was feeling even though it was a different time and place. At times, the story and poem showed emotions of happiness and sadness.In conclusion, I feel both authors was feeling the same way about racism and discrimination. The views of racism and discrimination was demo in Nadine GordimersCountry Lovers and Patricia Smiths What Its like to be a Black Girl (For those of you who arent). In both readings, as a reader you could see the hardship that each character faced because of racism and discrimination of black people especially black women.ReferencesClugston, R.W.(2010). Country Lovers, Nadine Gordimer. In excursion into Literature (chapter3) Clugston, R.W. (2010). Poems For Reflection, In Journey into Literature( chapter 2 section 2)

Kathakali

Kathakali is a form of theatrical play that incorporates dance and drama in its presentation. It originated from the Kerala in the southern dissociate of India. Kathakali combines five essentials of art, such as expressions (stressing the importance of facial expression), dance (rhythmical movements of the hands, legs, and body), enactment (giving emphasis to hand movements), song or vocal accompaniment, and finally instrument accompaniment. intimately Kathakali plays utilize the local language which is Malayalam. (Wikipedia, 2007)Performances are based from the Mahabharata and Ramayana. The Kathakali is said to be the study of act art as a combination of trust, philosophy, and psychology, and not of religion as a performance art because it assimilates elements from each aspect, that is religion, philosophy and psychology, and perform it in an artistic fashion. To illustrate, the most popular theme of Kathakali plays are based on stories of Krishna (such as Bhagavata Purana). ( a ntique Worlds, 2005)Krishna, as we all know, is considered as a divine being, worshipped around the world by people who practice Hindu traditions, in particular, Hinduism (Wikipedia, 2007). The boloney of Krishna in Bhagavata Purana contains principles and beliefs that are the bases of religion, specifically Hinduism, and its philosophical foundation. The goal of performance art, in general, is to capture the mind of its audience.Read alsoArya Samaj athttps//essaysamurai.co.uk/arya-samaj/The success of each performance is based on the responses of the members of the audience. In the psychological aspect, Kathakali makes use of facial expressions to captivate the soul of the audience. Kathakali artists establish a connection with their audience through their theatrical methods and techniques. another(prenominal) form of performance art, however, ancient in nature, is Kutiyattam. It is safe to say that the foundation of Kathakali in terms of religious, philosophical, and psychologica l aspect also applies to Kutiyattam because Kathakali is said to have originated from it.ReferencesAncient Worlds, (2005) Kathakali. Retrieved November 24, 2007, from Ancient Worlds LLC.Wikipedia. (2007) Kathakali. Retrieved November 24, 2007, from Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.Website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathakali

African American Population Essay

At the beginning of each decade in the coupled States a enumerate is taken to determine the macrocosm (Gale, 2008). While the 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13% of the American population. And predicts it go forthing stay the same percentage until the year 2050. The African American population allow for reproduce and contribute to the world as different majority and minority groups. So why wouldnt this group grow as a population. African American Growth The African American population has been growing in America since they were involuntarily brought here.From 1492 to 1820 the African American population grew to 9. 5 million in the west alone (POPULATION, 2000). In 1900, there were 8. 8 million African Americans in the coupled States, representing 11. 6% of the total population. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population percentage declined, reaching a low point in 1930 when the population was only when 9. 7% of the United States population (Gale, 2008). Since 1930, the African American population has pornographic at a faster rate than national averages (POPULATION, 2000).Over four centuries the African American population has become less rural and concentrated than it was in the nineteenth century (POPULATION, 2000). African Americans do not have to endure slavery. The group has also gained the same rights as other minority and majority groups. The United States division of Commerce The Department of Commerce expects growth in the Black population. The United States Department of Commerce expects the Black population to make up 16 percent on the American population, by the year 2050 (Black Collegian, 2002).The Department Economic and Statistic Administration will examine effect of the 2010 census and the black population. The Administration will concentrate on the finances of the Black population and any other new aspects to review. The census Bureau The 2000 census states that the African American popul ation makes up 13 percent of the American population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). The census also predicts that the African American population will continue to make up only 13 percent in the year 2050 (Census, 2000). The Almanac suggests that African American are ranking lower than any other group in only categories.The almanac reference income gaps between African Americans and other races. The Black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations are evaluate to maintain their shares of the population in all series (U. S. Census Bureau, 2008 and 2009). A population that is having children and playing a major to the world as all other populations cannot stay the same for a period of 50 years. The encyclopedia of population stated that African American population growth increases much faster than statistics assume.The Department of Commerce predicts the African American population will rise to 16 percent in the year 2050. While the Census Bureau predicts that there will be no increase in the African American population in the year 2050 with out giving details of why this prediction is accurate. African American have endured a great struggle in America. They have over came many obstacles and they will overcome this one also. References POPULATION. (2000). In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/galeus/populationSmith, M. (2001). Ed. ). (1993).Black Collegian. University of Phoenix fashion Edition e-Text. . Retrieved March 31, 2010Year, from com220. Encyclopedia of population (Ed. ). (2003). African American population History. University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text. . Retrieved March 26, 2010Year, from com220. Boyle, K. (2010). The Promise land The making of African America. Retrived from New York Times book review. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics start a new page for each table Insert table here Figure Captions Figu re 1. Caption of figure Figures note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number.

The Advantage of Wealth

Since time immemorial, it has been a common notion t lid wealth defines a persons stance in the society. It is usually associated with the amount of material things that a person owns that wealth is determined. This essay would try to evaluate the advantage of wealth in the light of the novels Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen and The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald.A discussion of the basic concept of wealth in each novel will first be identified. A unhurriedness on the advantage of wealth in each novel will be highlighted. Lastly, the essay will compargon the ideas in the two novels to establish the moment of wealth.The Great Gatsby, narrated through the eyes of Nick Carra musical mode, denotes his enthusiasm to the life of his neighbor Jay Gatsby. The novel is a love story on the surface with the concept of betrayal and true love emanating from each chapter. Nevertheless, the novel connotes on the absurdity of life, wealth and social status during the 19th century. As can be reiterated, the novel tries to vitiate the fact that money is tantamount to power and authority in the society.Basically, the novel is about the pursuit of Daisys love by Jay Gatsby and the means that Gatsby had utilize to attain his goals. It is noted that Jay and Daisy had been in love prior to her marriage to tomcat. Jay had to leave because of war but they promised each another(prenominal) that they will someday marry and give way together.Nonetheless, when Jay came back, he discovered that Daisy had married a rich and wealthy man, Tom Buchanan. Gatsbys dream is to be with Daisy forever and to win back Daisys love. Since Daisy is a woman of aristocratic heritage, it is a prerequisite for him to be rich and famous to be able to succeed her love. Thus, Jay Gatsby has been blinded by money. His dream has been based on the acquisition of money, fortune and fame due to the belief that material wealth can bring back everything.To further emphasize this viewpoint, it can b e helpful to determine some quotes from the novel itself. In a statement when Gatsby imagined that Daisy will divorce Tom, he uttered Im going to fix everything just the way it was before (Fitzgerald, p. 111).This statement holds his faith to his wealth it shows that despite everything, he believed that money can still fix everything. When Nick advises him that you cant repeat the historic, Gatsby replied Why, of course, you can (Fitzgerald p. 111). The conversation further reveals Gatsbys confidence in the power of wealth and determination towards what he wants.One of the most exquisite remarks that Jay Gatsby had uttered is that Her voice is copious of money (Fitzgerald p. 144), in reference to Daisy. Gatsby is aware of the fact that his love for Daisy is based on attraction towards wealth. In this regard, Gatsby believed that money can substitute love since Tom had substitute Jays place in Daisys heart. Like money, love is something that needs to be acquired which determines t he purpose of existence for Jay. Everything that Jay spends is a way towards fulfilling his dream.Daisy on the other hand displays the significance of wealth when she married Tom Buchanan despite the fact that she is not in love with him. The novel hinted the interest that Daisy still have for Jay subsequently all the years when she inquired What Gatsby? and when she drunk her self before her bridal dinner crying and holding a letter (possibly from Gatsby) in another hand reflection Tell em all Daisys change her mind (Fitzgerald, p. 51).Wealth is seen as a way to relieve the pain of being left alone. By marrying a wealthy man, Daisy can more easily mend her broken heart. She had been able to moved with a fast crowd (Fitzgerald, p.52) and able to maintain her reputation. Money is depicted as a way out of loneliness. Wealth is displayed as a road towards happiness and fulfillment.Hedda Gabler is actually a play written by Ibsen showing how much societal pressure and norms confine a person into a specific stereotype. The story revolves around Hedda, who is newly married to George Tesman, an aspiring professor. Hedda is described as the daughter of an aristocratic General Gabler.It is apparent from the course of the dialogue between Hedda and the other characters that she does not love her husband. It also seems as if she only married him because he can at least provide her with her needs although it may not be enough. Hedda, all throughout the story manipulated other characters into doing her will. George, Aunt Julie and the other characters wants to divert her and they do their best to reach her upper-class taste.Hedda has everything she need. Nonetheless, since she has to marry to maintain her social status, she chose to marry George Tesman. Tesman is a very bookish person. He even researched from libraries despite being on honeymoon. He relay his amazement of the museums and libraries to Aunt Julie, stating Notes, documents- people didnt know existed (Ib sen, p.13). Tesman is willing to do everything for Hedda yet she cannot be satisfied.The advantage of wealth lies on the respect and the treatment that Hedda receives from other people despite her unusually rude and manipulative character. Despite the fact that Aunt Julie was hurt when Hedda mistaken her new hat to be old and to belong to the maid, she still treat Hedda nicely. Aunt Julie stated shes lovely all her life (Ibsen, p.19).Thea also remark about Heddas difference with her status in the line weve not been close you were always, in a different world from me, socially (Ibsen, p. 26). This shows that even though both are women of the same era, Thea still recognizes the fact that Hedda is different socially. Being a daughter of a respected and powerful general gives her enough freedom and authority, bestowed by the society, to be regarded more powerful than the other women.

Observational Essay Essay

Its Monday a rainy evening, I am sitting in the library waiting for my friend to come, so we could study for our sociology test. The library is humongous it reminds me of my high school library. This place is silent. In the kids section I hear a little boy crying for a book he wants to read but his mom will not let him read, a baby babbling, and the mother trying to make him quiet. There atomic number 18 two dark skinned boys playing marble drop with their moms.There are two cute little girls coloring. There is tall teenaged looking girl reading stories to kids. There does not invitem to be many kids in this section. Therefore, I go back to the main room. I see a girl, who looks like a high school freshman doing her homework quietly. A couple of blocks from her, there are group of blonde girls texting and talking in low voices and teenage girls checking their facebook and chatting about guys.In the main desk, area toward the right of the girls there is a frustrated woman who is tr ying to swipe the library broadsheet but perhaps her card is not working and is asking for help to a librarian. In the non-fiction book, area there is a short woman with brownish hair, stacking up the books. Towards her left, there is a tall thin college looking girl arranging the books working a part time job to her college expenses. In the nominal head of the library there are middle school kids waiting for their parents to pick them up.There is staircase next to the main door that leads to the computer room. I reach glance over the computer room and it is packed with teens and adults. Some are doing homework while some are chatting in myspace and facebook. It seems like this library is unceasingly filled with people. From my observation, I see that some people come to library to study quietly and while others come to check facebook and myspace and it seems like library is a great hangout place for some kids.

Cost when using photovoltaic cell Essay

Solar energy industry utilizes prize per Watt peak, which is the primary whole of measurement for cipher equal. Current prevailing price for solar energy generation is at around $4/Wp. fundamentally cost would depend on the total installed cost for the system. Around 40% to 50% of the cost would be for the solar module. A complete system includes the entire required comp mavinnt for a functioning system. As of 2003 a residential system would cost at around $8,000 $12,000 per kWp installed (SolarBuzz, 2006).Based on data, a 1kWp unit would produce differently depending on the location and levels of sunlight. Generated data for Southern California produced 1800 kwh/year while for Yankee Germany was 800 kwh/year and 1600 2000 kwh / year in India using the same 1kWp unit of solar system. However, gradual improvements on the ti crystal model of PV cells contributed to a dramatic reduction of the cost of photovoltaic electricity (Cartlidge, 2007). Actual generated causality would st ill depend on the location and prices argon variably dependent on the local tariffs.Compared to new(prenominal) existing rates for energy generation distributed solar PV would be 30cents to 50cents/kWh the current rate is still farthermost from the 3 5 cents / kWh rate for combined cycle gas turbines. Although there is a promising write out of decreasing rate of generation cost due to decrease in installation cost (Space_Daily, 2005). The come of hood space needed to roof-mount a solar system is based on the size or generating capacity or rating of the system you purchase.Most residential systems require as little as 50 square feet of mounting area for a small starter system, or as oft as 500-1,000 square feet for a PV array capable of meeting all of a homeowners needs. Commercial systems are typically much larger than residential systems. A rule of thumb is that a square foot of single- or poly-crystalline PV module area produces 10 watts of power in bright sunlight. Theref ore, a 1000-watt system requires about 100 to 200 square feet of roof area, depending on the type of PV module. The amount of roof area needed alike depends on the PV modules efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity. confuse 1 go forths approximate roof area requirements as a function of PV efficiency (percent) and rating (watts). knock back 1 Roof Area Needed for Various Sizes of PV Systems Although the efficiency (percent of sunlight converted to electricity) varies with different types of PV modules, higher-efficiency modules typically cost more. One of the main barriers to the development of rural electrification markets with photovoltaic is the financing of the high up-front investment of an SHS, which is the particular point for most of the rural households, as well as for many photovoltaic intermediaries.Depending on the size of the local market, taxes the share of locally manufactured components and governmental policy regarding solar technology and rural electri fication, an SHS cost between US $500 to US $1,500. Even with the existence of subsidies for the installation of an SHS, such investment cost are much too high compared to the average income of the target households. For this reason, financing schemes allowing payment by installments must(prenominal) be offered they are needed in national electrification programs as in commercial markets.In this connection, micro-finance institutions (MFI) could take an essential role in the dissemination of SHS. This non only represents a solution for the existing barriers regarding the electrification of contradictory rural households, but also offers new market opportunities for . MFI for example, ill form of rural electricity loans, which additionally offer the convenience of secure guarantees of the hardware, especially the solar panel. PV today is economical only if it does not constitute to compete with grid electricity.Nevertheless, the technology is only at the beginning of its devel opment and hopes are high for moreover large cost reductions. At present, however, it is not obvious that the cost of PV can reach present levels of the cost of base load electricity, but it call reach consumer retail prices. Besides development of technology, market expansion is a proven way of bringing down cost. In several countries that take their obligation to pull down greenhouse gases seriously, comprehensive support programs for distributed PV installations cook been legislated.One example is the German renewable energy law, which stipulates that utilities have to pay for PV electricity fed into the grid about 0. 5 $/kWh for twenty years. This reimbursement is reduced by 5% each year for new installations in order to stimulate cost reduction (Elwell & Komp, 2007). Manufacturing of PV cells undergoes many processes. after(prenominal) producing the solar cells, they have to be transported and assembled. Solar cell usually have a life braces of 25 years. After which they are disassembled and transported for proper disposal. A study was conducted to measure the total energy consumed in the manufacture alone of the solar cells.Using the Sharp ND-205U1 module, which cost $850, a forty-four-module order would require $28,900, not including the cost of wires and inverters installed along with the solar modules (Riley & Meyers, 2005). Renewable sources in Middle East In the Middle East, governments are pushing for finding an alternative to fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Renewable sources are being eyed. referable to the depleting supply of fossil fuels, United Arab Emirates has already undertaken projects in preparation for meeting the required power needed.It is estimated that by 2015, 14% of estimated power requirements would be saved with the utilization of wind and solar energy. By 2050 it is forecasted that almost half of energy requirements of UAE would be supplied by wind and solar energy with PV generation forming the largest perc entage of the two (WFES, 2004). early(a) Middle East countries are likely to follow in their endeavor to preserve the regions main source of wealth oil and gas. Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran Bahrain and Lebanon have already implemented or volition be implementing strategies in harnessing these renewable sources abundant in the region (Middle_East_Electricity, 2005).One project initiated in Israel, which aims to provide electricity and water supply in a small rural village in Palestine. Greenstar place one of the four-target villages Al Kaabneh, West Bank, Palestine. The purpose of the project is to supply electricity with the installation of PV cell system. in advance the project was instituted, the village had no electricity and water was not sanitized, thus resulting to health problems as one of the prevalent challenged areas of the village.The locals were taught how to maintain and utilize the PV system installed in their village and care was delegated to them. The project suppl ied the village with a 100 kW PV generator, which was used to power the villages health clinic, mosque and school. Aside from the generator, the village was also supplied with a PV powered water pumping and desalination units. Among the lessons learned from the project is that solar energy provides dim-witted solutions to simple electrical needs of small isolated villages where a national grid is rendered superfluous (Greenstar, 1999).

Social interactionism: an introduction, an interpretation, an integration Essay

A guess is a coherent group of general propositions that be tested, regarded as correct and rear end be used as dogmas (Thomas, 2012 p243). Through the domain of sociology and opposite disciplines, incompatible theories grant been developed. These theories argon developed with an aim of explaining different facts and events experienced by mankind cosmoss. Some of the turn out theories include inter legal actions system, labeling theory, structural functionalism theory, moral panic theory, mesh theory among others. Interactionism theory refers to the ways muckle get questions relating to affable cognition (Partington, 2009p.91). It provides the basis of how one someone understands the other. It straines on surroundal contexts and body miens rather than psychic processes. It brings an air against ii different contemporary approaches that are the simulation theory and theory (TT). loving interactionism theory explains style development emphasizing on the role of affable interaction between linguistically knowledgeable adults and a developing child (Leeman, 2008p.37). It is largely found on socio-cultural theories invented by soviet psychologist. There are other theories closely linked with interactionism theory. Such theories include Labeling theory, example panic theory, structural functionalism theory, conflict theory among others. This melodic theme critically explores and analyses interactionist theories of crime and deviance. It glide bys a critical assessment of the strengths and failinges of the theories. Labeling theory, moral panics, structural operate and conflict theories are also analyzed. The whole report introduces different theories, how they are developed, merits and demerits, and how they are related to human living.Interactionism theory Interactionists study the impacts that theories such(prenominal) as labeling have on people (Yang, 2007p.1525). They are critical theories of right wing such as the right rea lism, rude(a) right, and functionalism. They claim that sociable control agents, such as police, are fair, open and just. Though the study conducted by Cicourel shows how these agents like police hold typifications atomic number 82 to prophecy of self fulfilling. Interactionism theory opposes theories of social structure held by theories of Right Wing. It has a flavour that it gets free will instead of having a passive reaction to the indian lodge. It is believed that people stops interpreting a situation even before choosing which action to take.Sociologically, interactionism being a theoretical perspective derives social processes like cooperation, conflict, and identity formation from human interaction (Nisbett, 2012p.109). It gives a study of how people act within the society. For the last half of the 21st century, interactionism theory has create the most sociological perspective dominant in the world. Its development has been facilitated by an advocate of subjectivity o f social candor and pragmatism, George Herbert Mead. Later, Herbert Blumer reviewed Meads work and invented symbolic interactionism theory. Interactionism has been subdivided into phenomenology, social action, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism, and social constructionism (Manzon, 2007p3).Interactions Interactionism is micro-sociological in nature. It has a opinion that any signification is obtained through and through individual interactions. Social interaction refers to a face-to-face process comprising of reactions, actions, and common adaptation existing between individuals (Gallagher, 2010p.441). The aim of social interaction is to facilitate communication between different people. Control is an all important(predicate) similarlyl in the interaction process. During interaction, one must try to control the demeanor of other people. This is important as it facilitates acquiring of information one is seeking and controls ones ingest image. Presentation of self and social role is the most important concept in the field of interactionism.Interactionists are interested in understanding individuals and their actions within the society (Farral, 2012 p.392). They do not agree with class as an issue they reject the notion of generalizing that people from one social class thinks the same. They have a belief that e truly psyche has different values, attitudes, culture and beliefs. They reject structuralism methods preferred by structuralisms on statistical data. These rejected methods include structured interviews, experiments, questionnaires, secondary sources and non-participant observation (Preacher, 2007p.188). They criticize that statistical data is invalid. They imagine that statistical data do not provide people with true societal picture on the topic under research.Secondly, they criticize that the research is not tendencyive as it is slanted. They argue that the research is biased because of the hypothesis of a pre-set conclusion (Ros enhan, 2009 p.213). They advocate for several methods to contrast structuralism methods such as, unstructured interviews, perceptible participant observation, and covert participant observation. They also give a historical analysis, personal and general instruments through capacity analysis. Interactionists criticize that data provided are not reliable. This is because sociological research and information cannot be contrasted or compared.Despite their criticisms, interactionism methods are not flexible. Lack of hypotheses shows that a sociologist is not required freehand an attempt of proving a theory or dogma instead they work on what they discover. This proves to unreliable information as the sociologist is not allowed to have any assumption concerning the society. Research has also sh accept that interactions such as socialization affects and alters human behavior (Pr eacher,2008p.879). This theory links us to other theories such as Neo-Marxism and pluralism.Pluralism I t is a theory with an creative thinker that public gets what they want. It has a notion that peoples lives offer choices such as representative democracy. Consumer choice is an idea that means each has the ability as a consumer to change any flavor aspect if he/she wishes to do so (Gala, 2008 p.273). According to pluralism theory, reflection of the values, norms, and beliefs of the majority exists. Interactionism theory exists in different forms that are social and symbolic interactionism.Symbolic interactionism It emphasizes on the micro-processes by which people construct identities, meanings, and joint acts (Anderson, 2009p.373). It accentuates how interaction, symbols, and human agency process as the cornerstone of peoples social life. This theory is a sociological perspective with many an(prenominal) influential areas of the discipline. It is mostly significant in social psychology and micro sociology. It is a product of two key theorists, Charles Horton Cooley and Geor ge Herbert Mead.Basic approach and premises Symbolic interactionism has been used as a label in a distinctive relative approach to the study of human conduct and human life. It has make worldly concern be seen as a social interaction developed with others. Symbolic Interactionists believe that physical reality exists through an individuals social definitions (Aram, 2009p.98). The theory has proved that people do not resolve directly to the reality but rather to the understanding of social reality. Human beings therefore, exist in three a social reality, physical reality, and a unique reality (Becker, 2009p.29). Physical reality comprises of natural facts and corporal necessities. Unique reality shows a persons ability to view things in a new way, do something unique, or make a unique discovery. Lastly, social reality shows that a person has a socialized world conception such as economic structure and gender role. The theory has proved that two the society and individuals ar e two inseparable items. They are created through social interaction, and none can be understood in the absence of the other (Ritzer, 2010p.896).Central ideas behind symbolic interactionism A person has to be understood as a social being. Constant search in the social interaction contributes to how human beings behave. Symbolic interactionism does not focus on the personality of a person or how society causes human behavior. Its focus is based on the activities taking model between actors (Charon, 2009 p.210). Individuals and society are both created through interaction. Social interaction serves as the central point of what a person does.A person has to be understood as a thinking being. Action of a human being is both an interaction among the individual and within the individual. Human ideas, attitudes or values are not as important as the constant active thinking process undergoing in a human being. The theory states that if a person wants to understand something, he or she must focus on thinking.A person does not sense his or her environment directly, but define his or her current situation. Even though the environment exists, what is important is how a person defines it. The definition does not happen randomly, but it is as a result of ongoing thinking and social interaction (Manzon, 2012 p.637).Human action is caused by the results of what is occurring in todays life. It results from the present thinking, social interaction, definition, and present definition (Ferback, 2011 p.677). These present activities lead to actions and not the past experience. Experience enters to begin with to the present actions as we think about it and use it to define the present situation.Human beings are cognize to be active as far as their environment is concerned. In symbolic interaction, a human being is not described using words such as conditioning, controlled, responding, formed, and imprisoned. Social-scientific perspectives describe human beings as active in w hat they do, but not passive to their surroundings (Athens, 2013 p.408).Central interactions principlesHuman agency It is a principle that puts more emphasis on willful, active, goal seeking character of human actors (cousins, 2008p.151). The emphasis of this principle focuses on the attention of those events, actions and social life moments. These agentic actions of a human agency are known to be palpable.Interactive determination It is a principle that specifies understanding focal analysis of the objects (Partington, 2009 p.366). It specifies the analysis whether they are identities, self-concepts, practices, roles, or even social run intoment. This means that the society, individual, self, or others exist only when related to each other thereof they are fully understood through their interaction.Symbolization It highlights the processes by which conditions and events, people, artifacts and other environmental characteristics with certain meanings choke objects of orientation. A persons behavior is contingent partly on the meaning and symbolization of the object of orientation (Preacher, 2010p.407).Emergence Its focus is on the attention of the non habituated and procession side of life. It focuses not only the caryopsis and organization of social life, but also the associated feelings and meaning (Rouger, 2009 p.261). It emphasizes on the possibility of new forms of system meaning and social life together with the existing transformations.Criticisms Symbolic interactionism has always been criticized because of being over impressionistic in their methods of research. They have also been criticized for their theories being unsystematic. Critics argue that symbolic interactionism is not a single theory (Anderson, 2009 p.489). However, it operates as a framework of many theories. Some prominent theorists criticize the theory due to lack of testability which creates a problem when using the theory. These problems made the interactionism theory camp are relegated to a minority position in the field of sociologists.Frame work and theories Some of its critiques are based on the fact that it is assumed to be a theory, but it does not have a good basis of a theory. Its framework is too general and vast that creates a problem when theorists are seeking a theory. According to Stryker (2003 p.123), symbolic interaction is not a theory but rather a theoretical framework.Social structure It is a theory that is always connected and related to social structure. The study suggests that it is used in constructing social reality of people (Ritzer, 2010p.837). There exist many factors and aspects that surround symbolic interactionism theory. These aspects include critical issues of sociology and methodological criticisms.Strengths of interactionism theory Interactionist theory is mostly based on the work of George Herbert an American psychologist and a philosopher. It takes an assumption that people gibe how to react and act to different circumstances concerning their societal interactions. It attributes cooperation, conflict and identity beliefs of how people encompass others or so them. It is attributed to the following strengths/ advantages.For teachers It suggests that learners within similar cultural settings view many ideas in the same way. Teachers apply this analogy as a benefit when planning for a lesson. Through the use of different ways of giving instruction instead of books, teachers are able to incorporate culture and society in the classrooms (Denzin, 2012p.121). It helps students to retain the content as the materials used by the students are more appealing due to their similarities.Modeling The theory indicates that skill happens with more ease if learners are subjected to constant demonstration of the content they are to learn (Kinney, 2010 p.896). These demonstrations are conflict resolution, speech and perceptions. It suggests that a learner in a class of foreign language has an advantage of learn materials if there is a consistent repetition of the language.Generational consistency Learning through association takes place on cultural generations where younger members emulate their elders. This is a benefit of interactionism theory. It helps in maintaining dialects, cultural traditions and ways of life (Preacher, 2010p.916). Using this theory, children are able to learn how to speak from their parents and grandparents.Ability to change The theory bases the ability of people to learn from their surrounding and culture. The advantage behind this idea is that all people are responsible of their own abilities. The theory states that people acquire knowledge through observation (Newburn, 2010p.310). It suggests that everyone who wishes to become intelligent, he or she should move to areas with more people who are academically minded and interact with them.Weakness of interactionism theory This theory is based on the principles and as sumptions of symbolic interactionism. These assumptions include the meaning obtained when people interact with others. People responds to things and to other people harmonise to the meanings attached to them (Denzin, 2012 p.369). The problem of this theory is that it is unable to explain where people obtain the meaning of these symbols. Another weakness is that the theory emphasizes more on symbols that may be interpreted wrongly or differently.Labeling theory It is a theory indicating how individuals behavior and self-identity may be influenced or determined by the term used to classify or describe them (Reeves, 2009 p.631). It is a theory associated with concepts of stereotyping and self-fulfilling prophecy. It emphasizes that deviance is not inherent to an act. Its focus is based on the way people label others from their standards of cultural norms. Some developments concerning the theory have been made since 1970s. Terms applied in this theory are related to disability, de viance or diagnosis of mental disorder has been rejected. This theory is closely related to symbolic-interaction and social-construction analysis.Mostly, this theory concerns itself, not with roles that are radiation pattern and defines peoples lives, but with special roles provided by the society for stigmatic roles, deviant roles, or social stigma (Bernburg, 2010p.68). Social roles refer to set expectations people have about a certain behavior. They are necessary for the functioning of any organization or a society. Researchers found that roles that are deviant affect how people perceive the ones assigned those roles. They also have an impact of on how the deviant actor sees himself and how he is related to the society.Moral panics This refers to an intense feeling that is expressed in a population concerning an issue appearing to threaten the normal social order (Critcher, 2009 p.17). Study shows that it occurs when episode, person, condition or group of people is defined as a threat to interests and societal values. In reality, they are the controversies involving social tension and arguments where disagreement becomes difficult as its concenter matter is a taboo. Moral panics are associated with several distinct characteristics.The first is a concern which states that sentiency must be made indicating that the groups behavior has negative effects to the society.HostilityThis indicates that the ill will of the group in question increases resulting to a clear division.ConsensusThough the concern in moral panics does not have to be widespread, a nationwide acceptance of the group in question is required as it gives a real threat to society.Volatility They are highly volatile indicating that their chances of disappearing are very high. This is due to a wane in the news report or public interests changing to a different topic.Structural-functionalism theory It refers to a framework used in constructing a theory that perceives society being a co mplex system combining work together to promote stability and solidarity (Danaldson, 2009 p.1). It is an approach that views society in a macro-level orientation. This gives a broad focus relating to social structures that shape the whole society believe that it evolved like organisms. It is an approach that examines both social functions and social structure. It addresses the role of societys constituent elements as a whole which include customs, norms, traditions, and institutions. The theory was intended to give a description of a level in the social science methodological development, but not a specified school of thought. Its approach is a macro sociological analysis which focuses broadly on social structures shaping the whole society. contradict theory It is a sociological perspective that emphasizes on political, social, or material inequality of a disposed(p) social group (Dutton, 2010 p.680).They draw attention relating to power differentials such as class conflict, an d it is used to give a general contrast concerning dominant historical ideologies. It analyzes the society at the macro-level like structural functionalism. It is a set out theory for highlighting inherent ideological aspects that are inherent in conventional thought.Conclusively, different theories have given different causes of artifacts and events. Among the discussed theories in the essay, interactionism theory appears to be the most wide and broad form of theory. These theories have been viewed by different sociologists where some are recommended, and others criticized. Interactionism is the most criticized the theory as a result of its weaknesses in providing reliable information. This theory has also been attributed to some advantages that are beneficial to both the teacher and learners. Sustaining cultural norms and traditions has also been facilitated by development of theories. Theories should be made clear and precise to avoid creating confusions to the members of the so ciety.ReferencesThomas, M. (2011).The indecorum myth a theory of dependency. New York New Press.Partington, R. (2009). An introduction to interactionsm theory.Cullompton, Devon, UK WillanPub.Leeman, K. (2010). Theory of knowledge. Boulder Westview Press.Ritzer, G., & Nibset, J. (2010).Modern sociological theory (7th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Manson, R. (2009). Social theory continuity and confrontation a reader. Peterborough, Ont. Broadview Press.Gallagher, J. (2009). Social interactionism an introduction, an interpretation, an integration. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall.Farrall, M. L. (2012). Reading judicial decision Linking Language, Literacy, and Cognition..Chichester Wiley.Preacher, C. (2013). The social interactinism impacts of socialization on human beings, Surrey, England Ashgate.Anderson, N. (2009). Blue-ribbon papers behind the professional mask the autobiographies of leading symbolic interactionists. Bingley, U.K. Emerald.Aram, E. (2009). Ad aptation and innovation theory, design and role-taking in group relations conferences and their applications.. London KarnacRitzer, G., & Publications, i. (2009).Encyclopedia of social theory. guanine Oaks, CA Sage Publications.Athens, L., &Denzin, N. K. (2013).Radical Interactionism on the Rise. Bradford Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Reynolds, L. T., & Kinney, N. J. (2010).Handbook of symbolic interactionism. Walnut Creek, CA AltaMira Press.Reeves, E. (2009).introduction to labeling theory. Los Angeles Sage.Critcher, W. F. (2009). Moral panics and the secure wars. New York Oxford University Press.Danaldson, D. (2009). Structural functionalism theory. . Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications.Dutton, D. (2010). Reading Assessment conflict theory, causes, and impacts..Chichester Wiley.Source document

International Issues Essay

AbstractNo deuce countries have the same political and legal system. Each country has its own laws and regulations on headache and products. When doing patronage in a nonher country it is important to know the laws and abide by them. Culture plays a abundant part in a tunes achievement when venturing into a immaterial market. Being bleak to the heathen and religious beliefs in that country is important to a businesss long confines success. A business of necessity to be educated in the laws, customs and cultures of that country so that business pull up stakes be able to comply and coincide with that country. A business unavoidably to know how and where to reason out either legal veers that may arise while doing business in that country. Disputes need to be handled in a way that is respectful to that country and adheres to the contract in which the parties concur.International IssuesIssues in Legal Disputes in International Trans achievesInternational transactions and di spute resolution requires twain an infrastanding of the law and a sensitivity to foreign culture, politics, formal and informal power structures and conclusiveness-making approaches (White and Williams LLP, 2013). When entering into a contract with a foreign country, nonpareil needs to be very specific in the contract about how to resolve any issues that could come up between the two companies. Deciding and agreeing on where issues will be resolved is a key element in the contract. Going to hail can be costly for both companies and the decision made by the court could take an extended amount of period. If the companies were to go to court, deciding in where the court hearing would take place is another issue. If the hearing was to be held in the foreign country, the laws might not be the same and that country might not have much experience in outside(a) disputes. If the hearing was to be held in the United States,the other gild and the countrys g everyplacenment it resides i n could become hostile and not uphold the ruling. Arbitration would be the best way to resolve any disputes between the two countries. Arbitration can save a lot of time and money for both companies while withal protecting the images of both companies by not having a lengthy trial in the press. Arbitration is often slight costly, less litigious, and less time-consuming, and offers more privacy to the parties than litigation (Companies Export, 2008).The ruling from the arbitrament could be binding or non-binding depending on what is agreed upon in the contract.Practical ConsiderationsWhen trying to resolve a dispute with a caller-up in a foreign country, one would need to look over the written contract that was drawn up at the beginning of the relationship. The governing law clause will set out which countrys law will apply to any dispute under the contract, and the jurisdiction clause will state in which country the legal action must be taken (Smith, 2007). The U.S. based compan y needs to be aware of the laws that affect the company and the business traffic in the other country. The company needs to consider the cultural aspects, the ethical behavior, and the legal structure inside that country. U.S. laws governing the international business activities of the U.S. companies fall into two categories. The first consists of laws, such as antitrust, employment, and economic-espionage laws, that are also applied frequently in the domestic context. With respect to these laws, the international business activities of the U.S. companies are arguably at special risk because management educated and trained outside the United States might be less familiar with these laws than management educated and trained in the United States (Winer, 2013). Bribery is also a rumination when taking legal action against a foreign business partner because this is contraband under the U.S. international Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). In some countries, bribery and gift giving is not seen as an illegal or unethical act but a form of showing respect and gratitude. A company needs to be careful on how this is perceived because it could be seen as an illegal act on the companys part.Factors against CadMexTime and money would fashion against CadMex in the sublicensing agreements. In the simunlation, Candore is under an epidemic and needs the medicine ViroBlax at a subsidized price. There would not be enough time, due to the epidemic, to work out a contract that both parties will agree upon. Each separate pharmaceutical company in Candore would have to be sought out and a new contract would have to be drawn up for each different company. This is not only costing CadMex time but immeasurable dollars on man hours. CadMex would have to invest a lot of money into properly training the employees and grammatical construction the proper facilities. CadMex would also have to insure that the generic products were to the proper standards and up to regulation. Even if CadMe x was to invest the time and the money into sublicensing the drug, CadMex would lose money because the drug is being sold at a subsidized price. The royalties that would be paid out with sublicensing still would not gap the margin of loss that CadMex has. When Customs and Laws ConflictWhen the topical anesthetic customs and the local laws conflict with the customs and laws of an organization operating abroad the organization should look at the customs and laws in which it is operating under and those should prevail, as long as the company is following the laws in which it is to lock by. When operating abroad, it is important to be aware and rude(a) to the customs of that country. Allowing employees to observe religious and cultural holidays will not only view as moral high but also will keep the company within the laws that country has. Knowing the cultural normalities and integrating those into the business model will take into account for the employees and members of the comm unity to feel that the business has their interests mind. Being able to comply with the laws of the country in which the business is in while also complying with the laws set by the country, in which the mother company resides, can be a hard line to walk. Complying with the laws of the country in which was agreed upon in the contract at the onset of the union would prevail. Making sure to follow the rules of the country that the business is in is important because that is where the business will plead its goods. Employees who engage in international business are responsible for knowing and complying with both the laws and regulations of the countries in which the businessesoperate and the U.S. law and regulations that apply outside U.S. borders. If U.S. law conflicts with the local customs, or if the local law is more inhibitory than U.S. laws or company policies, one must follow the more restrictive law, custom or polity (Olin, 2012). Resolving Domestic and International Issues Resolving domestic issues can be done through arbitrament or through the court system. It can be as simple as suing a party and showing up to court. When trying to resolve an issue domestically, the laws are well known for both parties and the locale in which the issue will be settled is easily accessible to both parties. Resolving an issue internationally is more work involved. The issue has to be resolved through which venue both parties agreed upon when signing the contract. Both companies need to know the laws of that country and travel might be needed. If arbitration was selected, both parties would need to submit all paperwork to a panel of arbitrators and adhere to the judgment in which the panel decides. If one party does not comply with the ruling, then legal action must be taken.ConclusionWhen doing business internationally, a company needs to be aware of many factors. Conforming to the culture and abiding by the laws that are set in that country are essential to that b usiness and its success. A company needs to know how to resolve issues that will come up in the daily running of the business. Being sensitive to religious and cultural norms will not only help with the moral of employees but the community as well. Adhering to the contract in which the company agreed upon will help avoid any legal action being taken against them. By following the laws and cultures of the country the business resides in will ensure success of the company and future dealings in that country.ReferencesCompanies Export. (6/4/2008). Retrieved from http//export.gov/regulation/eg_main_018226.asp Olin. (2012). International Business. Retrieved from http//www.b2i.us/profiles/investor/fullpage.asp?BzID=1548&to=cp&Nav=0&LangID

Fear as Persuasion in the Crucible and Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God Essay

Fear is a strong tool to use when persuading people and trying to get what you want. plainly as if a murder held a gun to someones head, that person would be pliant to the murderer, Jonathon Edwards and characters in The Crucible inst exclusively timidity into people to achieve certain goals. Sinners in the Hands of an barbarian God uses forethought for good and to help people, while The Crucible uses it for both good and as an sliminess way to manipulate people. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is a sermon preached by Jonathon Edwards.He tries to scare the congregation in order to save them from going to Hell. One way that he does this is by using the metaphor of God being angry at everyone with a bow and arrow pointed presently at each person the congregation realizes that they could die at any minute and if they arent saved, they pull up stakes fall into a lake of burning brimstone that is extended abroad under them (Edwards 103,102). Edwards also compares what would k eep the disordered from going to Hell to a spider web trying to stop a falling quaver (Edwards 102).He tries to establish fear into his audience by cogent them that God holds them over Hell retri onlyive like one holds a spider, or a loathsome insect and this God also has rage towards them that burns like fire (Edward 103). Jonathon Edwards preached this sermon so that the congregation ordain feel as though they had no other option than to accept Christ as their savior that very day if they hadnt already. This approach shown to be very effective and sparked the Great Awakening of this time period.Not only is fear used as a tool for persuasion in Jonathon Edwards, sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, but it is also used in The Crucible. Reverend Parris and his niece, Abigail, instate fear into people for two completely different reasons. Parris uses fear in his Brimstone and Fire types of sermons. He states that at that place is either obedience or the church will burn like H ell is burning, to show that the people who are part of his congregations should do as there told (Miller 926).On the other hand, Abigail uses fear to manipulate situations and get what she wants. She tries to keep herself out of trouble by telling Betty that shell beat her if Betty doesnt quite faking sick (Miller 919). She also threatens Mercy Warren and tells her that she can determine her concupiscence she had never seen the sun go down (Miller 920). She spats this because she thinks that Mercy Warren may squeal about what happened in the woods. Abigail also uses fear to try to get attention, choose who is charged with witchcraft, and get JohnProctor all to herself. Making someone afraid of you is like attaching strings to a puppet it allows one to manipulate the posit into doing whatever he or she wants the person to do. The Crucible shows how one can use fear to make people submissive unto oneself, but it ultimately ends up creating a crazy mess and limits ones opportunitie s. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God demonstrates how one can also use fear in people to straighten them up and help them out. Fear is a strong an effective way to incline people.