Weekly Commentary on the Trading in Kuwaiti Stock Exchange Essay Example for Free

weekly Commentary on the craft in crestital of Kuwaiti inception Exchange EssayCommentary on Trading for the Week caning 27.09.2007In general the Kuwaiti market showed a marginal declining trend at the end of the week, though the first craft day of the week started with new high levels of the share damage index. Although no major events abnormal the share price movements, the Real Estate vault of heaven was the largest in like manner-ran with a reduction in the index up to 3.63 share. The reduction was caused by the drop in the share price of Jeezan Holding order losing 28. 09 pct a major drop.There was a drop in the price of two other real estate companies International investment funds Projects losing 22.06 percent and International Resorts alliance shares dropping by 12.00 percent. Industrial sector with 3.82 percent, Insurance sector with 1.24 percent, and serve ups sector with 0.33 percent were the three sectors which showed an increase. The share price of disjuncture crude Investment rose by 10.11 percent and closed at KD 0.490.Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 04.10.2007The Stock market witnessed an active handicraft during the handicraft sessions of the whole week, with the market index reaching a new high level of 399.28 points on 03.10. 2007. Share prices in all the sectors showed an increasing trend. While the amends sector record the highest increase of 2.73 percent in the index, Banking sector followed with 1.46 percent increase. The real estate index went up by 0.91 percent during the week. This week recorded the highest increase in the inwardness index with the largest gain for October with 1.87 percent increase. Shares of International Investment Project, was the highest traded during this week with 163.21 million shares changing hands which is equivalent to 9.28 percent of the fit traded volume. The price of the share went up by 5.66 percent and closed ad KD 0.280On the macroeconomic side, the Kuwaiti Dinar was allowed to depreciate against US Dollar with the biggest star day fall of the twelvemonth. Another important event is the signing of a protocol stipulating the amendments to the accord for evading double taxation and tax payment evasion amongst Kuwait and South Korea.Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 11.10.2007The market mood was upswing and reached new levels during this week, though in that location was a drop in the volume of sales as the investors were waiting for the companies to announce their third quarter results. The volume of shares traded showed a decline of 12.87 percent. The sector-wise surgical operation showed a mixed trend. Industrial sector recorded an increase of 2.39 percent, followed by Non-Kuwaiti index increasing by 2.03 percent. Banking sector added 1.95 percent and the Insurance sector performed very poorly with a decline in the index of 1.35 percent. Services sector also lost 0.82 percent. The news on the macroeconomic side was that the pret ension rates as of July was announced which stood at 5 percent an all time high in 12 yrs period with increase in the housing and transport costs.Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 18.10.2007The Kuwaiti declination market after two weeks of upswing showed a marginal decline this week. The Eid holidays affected trading sessions for three days and this has affected the volume traded. Another reason for the decline in the volume of trading by 22.38 percent is that the companies are s money box to announce the results of third quarter and the investors were cautious. In the performance of the sectors, Industrial sector lost 1.14 percent with the investment sector standing as second loser with a loss of 0.38 percent. The other sectors showed unequivocal performance with Insurance sector adding 1.07 percent and Food sector index rose by 0.82 percent. SHUAA upper-case letter was the top gainer for the week with an increase in the share price of 17.95 percent and the scrip close d at KD 0.460. On the other hand Gulf Horizon Holding Company was the biggest loser with a 13.40 percent loss in the share value.Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 25.10.2007 The crinkle market recorded a lower note during the week, contempt of the fact that the volume of the shares traded went up by 71.43 percent and the value increase by 93.52 percent. With 570.15 million shares changing hands services sector accounted for 27.96 percent of the total volume traded. However on the value of shares traded, investment sector accounted for 25.03 percent with service sector closely following at 24.42 percent.On the sector-wise performance there was decline in the index of five sectors and Industrial sector showed the highest gain with 2.37 percent. The scrip of National Industries Group in the industries sector rose by 5.49 percent at KD 1.920. The insurance sector showed a huge decline with the index losing 1.60 percent. The share price of Gulf Insurance Company went down by 3. 57 percent and the price of Kuwait Recommendation-insurance alliance shares was reduced by 3.64 percent. The price of Gulf Petroleum Investment, one of the companies taken by the project for logging the share price movements increased by 17.78 and closed at KD 0.530.On the macroeconomic side, Standard Poors Ratings Services raised its Banking Industry Country Risk Assessment (BICRA) on the State of Kuwait (AA-/Stable/A-1+) to Group 4 from Group 5. This action primarily reflects the improvement in economic take a chance, factoring in the improved goernments fiscal strength everywhere the past few years, amid a very supportive economic milieu, and its beneficial impact on the creditworthiness of Kuwaiti banks. The improvement in banking industry country risk is a positive element that underpins all credit ratings on banks in Kuwait (Global Weekly Market Report Kuwait).Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 01.11.2007 The market continued to react in a bearish trend with a si gnificant retreat showing the symptoms of correction since February 2007. The trading in the market showed a declining trend with the investors reacting cautiously sensing a correction in the market. This had resulted in a reduction in the volume of shares traded by 7.84 percent and the value by 6.51 percent. The investment sector accounted for 34.33 percent of the volume. The analysis of sector wise performance showed the insurance sector as the only sector with a gain of 0.19 percent, while all the other sectors performance showed a negative trend. The services sector is the largest loser with 5.46 percent drop in the index as compared to last week. Industrial index showed a drop of 2.08 percent.Commentary on Trading for the Week ending 08.11.2007The downward trend in the stock(a) trading continued during this week also with the index reaching the lowest level since July 23 2007. The volume of shares traded went down by 33.99 percent and the value also dropped by 33.99 percent r eferable to the cautious approach of the investors. All the sectors showed negative trend in the index while Non-Kuwaiti index managed to increase marginally by 0.26 percent. Service sector is the biggest loser with a decline of 4.81 percent. While the Industrial index shed 3.94 percent, the index of real estate sector went down by 3.31 percent.The profound Bank of Kuwait announced that the money supply in Kuwait grew by 19 percent in September 2007 which is one of the factors for causing inflation in the country.Performance of Companies in Different Sectors of Kuwait Case StudyIntroduction As a part of the finance project, this paper presents an analytical musical composition on the performance of the following companies functioning in different sectors of Kuwaiti economyKuwait Finance erectOne of the largest Islamic Banks in the World, headquartered in KuwaitActivity Banking services according to Islamic economic principles, including retail banking, consumer financing, leasin g and mortgages, project finance, and corporate finance real estate, contracting and tradingSector Banking financial Services Commercial BankingYear of asylum 1977Publicly Listed Joint Stock CompanyTotal Revenue KD 578,987,000 (As on 31st December 2006) assoil lucre KD 162,004,000 (As on 31st December 2006) tally of Employees 1809Boubyan PetrochemActivity Investment in industrial and petrochemical projectsSector IndustrialYear of Establishment 1995Publicly Listed Joint Stock CompanyTotal Revenue KD 9,714,000 (As on 31st December 2006)Net Profit KD 8,280,000 (As on 31st December 2006)Number of Employees 180Gulf Petroleum InvestmentActivity Offshore and onshore oil field services including drilling, supply of parts, equipment, engineering, and consulting for upstream and downstream related projectsSector ServicesYear of Establishment 1998Publicly Listed Joint Stock CompanyTotal Revenue KD 8,287,000 (As on 31st December 2006)Net Profit KD 7.016,000 (As on 31st December 2006)Number of Employees 259Performance of Shares of the CompaniesThe financial performance with respect to the shares of the companionship can be summarized based on the following tableParticularsKuwait Finance HouseBoubyan PetrochemGulf Petroleum gelt Per Share Fils135.96137.28 30.72Price Earnings Times 21.48 8.01 16.27Book Value Fils612.12499.93165.23Price to Book Value Times 4.77 2.20 3.03Net Profit June 2007 KD116,610,00015,856,0002,249,000Dividend Yield %1.954.551.60Calculation of Portfolio BetaThe market volatility of the share values is denoted by Beta. Beta is the best measure of a security in a large portfolio. Normally shares with a beta value of around 1are considered to be shares with average volatility. Price of shares with higher beta values will veer more and hence the investors have to consider the beta value of the particular shares before they invest. The beta values of the companies under study are tabulated downstairsCompanyBeta ValueMarket BetaRelationshipKuwait Financ e House1.001Equal to Market No abnormal risk is associated with this stockBoubyan Petrochem0.701Almost near the market beta Less Volatile than market No huge risks involved in investing in this stockGulf Petroleum0.6591The beta value is less than one the stock is not highly volatile No abnormal risk is associated with this stockCompany-wise Analysis of Financial PerformanceThe following section of the paper provides a report on the financial performance of the individual companiesKuwait Finance House Executive compendiousThe Company established with strong Islamic values offers unique and competitive financial products and services to the depositors and shareholders. As at the end of the year 2006 with a market share of one third of consumer finance market in Kuwait the order has reported an increase 17 percent in the depositors account and an equal amount of growth in shareholders funds. The confederations capital has grown by 12 percent during the year with an increase in t he reserves of 32.3 percent. The Company has embarked upon new products using innovative technological developments. The financial performance of the company is presented belowProfitabilityFor the year 2006, the company has realized a total income of KD 579 million which accounts for an increase of 48.4 percent over 2005 and a net profit before distri besidesion of KD 344 million which is an increase of 40 percent over the figures for the previous year. The factors that contributed to a better financial performance by the company areA buoyant Kuwaiti economy with an optimistic business environment that had a positive impact on the consumer and corporate sectors has helped the bank to a large extent in furthering its economic achievements.The positive development of oil prices in the global economy has also contributed for the profitability of the company.Innovative products from the company like operating lease of motor cars and other commercial vehicles have proved utile to the co mpany for the improvement in the financial performance.Improvement in the corporate and consumer customer base is a major factor for the outstanding financial performance of the company.Dividends and Dividend polityThe company being an Islamic banking institution follows a policy of paying dividends to the investor depositors. The company has improved the dividend payment from the last year rates. The table below shows the movement in the dividend payouts by the company.Type of Account200620052004Unconditional Deposit Account8.458%6.807%4.800%Al-Sedra Investment Deposit6.578%5.294%3.733%Investment Savings Account5.639%4.538%3.200%A resemblance of the dividend payouts show that the company has been progressive in paying dividends to the investor-depositors.Stock PerformanceThe price of the shares of the company in the last trading stood at KD 2.18 with a year to date reduction of 11.048 percent. The 52 week high of the share price was KD 2.62 and the 52 week low was at KD 1.71.The companys market cap is KD. 2,671,031,702 and is ranked 3rd in Kuwait based on the value of market cap.Source http//www.ameinfo.com/financial_markets/Kuwait/Company_KW0042/Analysis of Working CapitalAs of the end of the year 2006 the company had total assets of KD 6,313 million and a total liability of KD 5,099 million. Out of the total assets current assets amount to KD 4,059 million and current liabilities KD 1,080 million. The amount due on depositors is KD 3,729 million. The company has leased assets, investments and trading assets to the extent of KD 2,254 million. On the analysis of the assets and liabilities it can be observed that the bank has employed the depositors funds in brusk term international investments and other lending portfolios.Boubyan PetrochemExecutive SummaryThe company was just a holding company from the incorporation in the year 1995 till the year 2000 for its investments in Equate Petrochemical Co. Now the company is manufacturing all kinds of petrochemica l products and any derivatives of petrochemicals. The company is engaged in the sale, supply, distribution, and export of all of its production. The company also participates in all other related activities including construction and leasing of the required facilities and services.ProfitabilityThe profitability and turnover of the company is provided in the following tableParticulars2004(KD 000)2005(KD 000)2006(KD 000)Net Sales1,1181,5739,714Earnings Before Interest Depreciation and Tax15,98329,0521,710Earnings Before and Tax12,44736,0818,280Net Profit12,44738,9678,280Net Profit Margin1113.33%2477.24%85.24%Source http//www.shibuimarkets.com/perl/company.pl?cid=376234The company has been progressing fountainhead during the year 2005. However the performance of the company is showing a distorted picture due to some regrouping of the revenues.Stock PerformanceThe share price of the company at last traded position was KD 0.750 with a year to date reduction of -3.523 percent. The 52 week high is KD 1.050 and the 52 week low is at KD 0.65.The company has a market capital of KD 315,000,000 which is ranked at 24 based on market cap position.Source http//www.ameinfo.com/financial_markets/Kuwait/Company_KW0018/Analysis of Working CapitalIn the absence of detailed published annual report the available information on the assets position of the company is appended belowParticulars2004(KD 000)2005(KD 000)2006(KD 000)Fixed Assets5,4055,2126.202Current Liabilities1,8564,2945.538 languish Term Debt11,6768.94652,285Shareholders Equity104,790182,046190,924Current Ratio60.8444.2743.98Debt/Capital0.100.050.21Source http//www.shibuimarkets.com/perl/company.pl?cid=376234From the analysis of the available information there is an increase in the long term liabilities during the year 2006. There appears to be an increase in the current liabilities which has affected the current ratio in the year 2006.Gulf Petroleum InvestmentExecutive SummaryGulf Petroleum Investment Company was establ ished in the year 1988. The company was formed as a Kuwaiti shareholding company. The companys main(prenominal) focus is on providing services in oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors. The major activities of the company include oil field services, drilling offshore and onshore, and supply of parts and equipments. The company also undertakes consultation services for upstream and downstream related products. The principal shareholders of the company include International Investment Group Kuwait, Grand Real Estate, Kuwait and Investors Bank, Bahrain. The company currently operates in Kuwait, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, and plans to expand in Syria. An analysis of the financial performance of the company is produced belowProfitabilityOn the basis of available financial information about the company, the company has made total revenue of KD 8,287,000 during the year 2006 (KD 7764,000 for 2005). The net profit reported for the year 2006 is KD 7,016,000 (KD 2,937,000 for 2005) The comp anys assets have raise in value to KD 52,352,000 in the year 2006 as compared KD 20,350,000 in 2005.There has been a corresponding increase in the shareholders equity to KD 23,241,000 for the year 2006 against KD 16,445 for the year 2005. The company has reported a net profit of KD 3.6 million for the first nine months of the year 2007.The earnings per share rose from 5.3 fills a year ago to 24.9 fils in 2007.The factors that contributed for the higher net earnings of the company wereThe general buoyancy in the Kuwaiti economy coupled with the increase in oil prices in general contributed to higher earnings of the company.Since the companys major shareholders have a good business connection not only in Kuwait but in the whole of Gulf the company was able to attract new contractsThe technical excellence of the company in varying fields related to petroleum industry has helped the company to realize more business (GUPICO)Stock PerformanceThe share of the company closed at KD 0.690 w ith a year to date variableness of -28.962 percent. The 52 week high sale price was KD 0.800 and the 52 week low was KD 0.240, The Company has a market cap of KD 69,000,000 which is ranked at 83 on the basis of the market capital. The movements in the share price during the last 12 months are depicted in the following graph.Source http//www.ameinfo.com/financial_markets/Kuwait/Company_KW0178/Dividends and Dividend PolicyIn the absence of a published annual report and detailed information on the financial position of the company it was not possible to contact a comprehensive report on the dividend policy of the company.ReferencesGUPICOhttp//www.gupico.com/activities.htmlKuwait Finance House annual Report 2005http//www.kfh.com/english/AboutUs/Annual-Report/AR2005/KFH-AR2005.pdfKuwait Finance House Annual Report 2006http//www.kfh.com/english/AboutUs/Annual-Report/AR2006/KFH-AR2006.pdfZawya.com Kuwait Finance Househttp//www.zawya.com/cm/profile.cfm/cid5083

Ying Yang Symbol Essay Example for Free

Ying Yang Symbol EssayThe Yin Yang type also commonly referred to as the Tai-Chi sign is easily thought of in todays popular horticulture as a reference to the Sun (yang) the moon (yin) and the universe. Allen Tsais article provides some insight into the offsets of the symbol itself, the meaning roll in the hay the curvature of the symbol, and how the Chinese symbol has found a place in popular culture. Allen Tsai goes into explicit detail on how the Chinese developed a surprising understanding of the stars and how they used the constellations and the cheer to de margeine the seasons, the length of a calendar year and the time of the earths rotation around the sun. Tsai explains how the symbol is at its basic meaning a Chinese theatrical performance of the entire celestial phenomenon. In Alexia Amvrazis essay discussing the immorality Eye symbol, she presents all aspects of the symbol including what it is used for, who uses it, and why it is used. She explains that the Ev il Eye is a glance believed to have the ability to harm those on whom it falls and whoremaster take place at any condition time from any given person. (Amvrazi).The primary purpose of both, Where Does the Yin Yang Symbol Come From? and The Eyes Have It Evil Eye in Greece, is to inform the reader of both the meaning an the use behind these well cognize symbols. This is clearly shown by the detailed descriptions of the symbols and the en percipientening information such as Amvrazis attempt to explain to readers the many different cultures Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu and Christians and how they incorporate the Evil Eyes meaning into their teachings (Amvrazi).The informative purpose remains prevalent in Tsais essay as he explains that the Yin Yang symbol is a Chinese representation of the entire celestial phenomenon and that it contains the cycle of sun, four seasons, 24-Segment Chi, the foundation of I-Ching, and the Chinese calendar (Tsai). The common pattern of both authors i s that they each began with the origin of each symbol. Tsai demonstrated this by starting his essay by explaining the the Yin Yang symbol is sometimes called the Tai Chi symbol and that Tai Chi is from I-Ching, also known as the greatest foundation of Chinese philosophy (Tsai).Amvrazi exhibits this pattern by starting her essay off with a scenario of where one might have experience a result of the receipt of the Evil Eye and then goes on to explain what the evil essence is, what the causes are and who is susceptible to it The secondary purpose of Tsais essay is to describe. He describes many different aspects of the symbol. He explains that the is a symbol combining the sun (top) and moon (bottom) (Tsai). He also goes a bit deeper into his invoice by describing the unchanging rules and different ways to observe the sky in order to determine the four directions (Tsai).He also provides multiple visuals to go on with each description. He continues by discussing the seasonal changes and the cycle of the Sun. Its almost as if he provides his readers with a step by step instructional acquittance of how to determine the many changes our universe encounters throughout the course of a year, or many years for that matter. Alexia Amvrazis essay is very similar in that her secondary purpose is coincidentally also to describe. In this case, she describes what the actual Evil Eye symbol looks like.Her description states that one could recognize an Evil Eye as glass blue eye charms to ward against the evil eye (Amvrazi). She states further that these charms are bland regularly sold and worn by many people. They can be spotted on a more regular basis in countries such as Greece and Turkey where many of the residents are very sacred and/or superstitious. The next pattern shown throughout Tsais essay is a bit of a spatial one in the since that throughout the whole essay, Tsai discusses the constantly changing universe and its relation to the sun and moon in the sky.He e ven talks about the many positions of the Dipper and the way the sun is moved(p) by its changes. The next pattern in Amvrazis essays differs from Tsais in that she takes more of a compare and contrast route when she discusses the similarities and differences in the ways the classical Church and folklore view the wearing of the Evil Eye charm. The Greek church and folklore are both unitedin their belief that the curse of the evil eye (or kako mati) exists, but divided in how it can be warded off or tackled (Amvrazi).The final purpose of both Tsai and Amvrazis essays are to help befool such technical concepts as these more understandable to the general public. They each accomplish this task by introducing, in Tsais case the Ying-Yang symbol and in Amyrazis the Evil Eye symbol and providing an in depth and comprehensive understanding of both. Whats great about each essay is that both authors strive to make them as understandable as possible by breaking down each topic as much as pos sible while still keeping the audience interested.The final pattern of organization in Tsais essay is a bit of a mould oriented one. He discusses the process of recording the Dippers positions and watching the shadow of the Sun (Tsai). This process was used by ancient chinese when they determined the four directions (Tsai). The final pattern of organization in Amvrazis essay is used to introduce and define new terminology used in the churches in relation to the Evil Eye. For instance, she references a term, kako mati which is another term for Evil Eye.She continues to introduce a few other new words, such as Vaskania, all of which are used to help expand readers knowledge of the Evil Eye and the views of the Greek church. Overall the two essays were both written with the primary intention of informing their audiences of the meaning and uses of the Yin and Yang symbol and of the Evil Eye. Tsai main focus was on the universe and all its changes. He talks a lot about the position of t he moon, sun, and stars in the sky. The main focus of Amvrazis essay was to shed light on a symbol recognized by many different cultures and its significance.

Defining the Concepts of Class, Race, Gender Essay Example for Free

Defining the Concepts of break, Race, Gender EssayEvery society k nowadaysn to man has lend oneselfd any race, class, ethnicity, gender or all of the above to determine placement in civilization. Sometimes one or much of these categories comingle and we characterize this as intersectionality. Finding the words, however, to restore class, race, gender, or intersectionality is not an easy feat. Throughout the past few weeks we take a leak read legion(predicate) articles that allowed us many clear descriptions. Prior to this course I would set about described class as organism a mode in which society groups individuals based on economic positions or well-disposed status. In my opinion, sometimes political beliefs can attri stille towards class placement as well. However, since reading the required texts and watching films based on class, we now know that there be other chemical elements associated with class divisions. For example, we read in Brenda J. Allens Social C lass Matters article that not only ar these two viewpoints large contributors (economic political alliances) towards classes, but in any case geographic locations.This can be chancen when visiting a typical trailer park, where many of its residents are presumably called pureness trash, or as depicted with lower income families who live in the projects or ghetto. Their locale most likely reflects their social status or class. Moreover, we have observeed that these factors also define what class is to the general public education, occupational position, and power. Women without class by Julie Bettie examines class theory by understanding the ways in which class identity is constructed. It has many illustrations of social class by way of education and occupational positions. The upper crust students of Waretown were typically barbarianren of white collar employees. The preps generally outperformed the las chicas, hard living, and often settled living students of this documentar y, as exemplified in the titles placed on the over and under achievers. For example, preps is an abbreviation for college preparatory which was the type of advanced class the children of white collar workers of Waretown enrolled in to prepare for life after high school.While these courses allowed some students endless opportunities, other students in the exact same school attended seminars with lowered educational expectations. preferably these students were encouraged to attend expensive certification courses that upon graduation held them captive in low paying positions with debt remaining after completion. The Death of the Social Class by Pakulsky and Waters believes social class is no longer relevant in the United States. A principal reason for this message states that because slavery is now obsolete, we have the legal upholding of the United States Constitution, and we expect education to be attained by all races. As a result resources have become more prevalent among all race s. Race, in the past, was a word that I identified as being someones skin color, however as I matured (both mentally and physically) and met individuals from other cultures I soon realized that race is a culmination of many things.Culture and ethnicity are quite influential in find out a persons race as well. For example, not everyone with dark skin is African American, just as not ever uninfected skinned person is whiteness. As exhibited in Cruz-Janzens For example in the article Racial formation in the United States written by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, we learn of the Louisiana law that states that if a person has 1/32nd Negro blood, they are automatically considered Black or African American. Although Susie Guillory Phipps tells us she is majority Caucasian this law still classifies her as being Black and she unsuccessfully attempted to sue the state to change her vital records. There are many reasons wherefore the government still requires race on legal paperwork. Some a rgue that some sort of racial classification system is required.One reason may be the government funded subsidies some companies receive as a result of employing a minimum amount of minorities. From a individual(prenominal) viewpoint, race matters because it is a way that people identify culturally with one another. Another reason may be from a biological perspective some diseases and/or illnesses may be common amongst certain races, therefore it would be beneficial medically to be aware of such traits. Women Without Class (Bettie) also identifies various races for the sake of case studies that were researched by the author. The female students identified culturally with one another but sometimes convergencyped identities to move with one another. As in the example of the student Starr who was from a work class background, however she identified with the cultures of the Mexican American cholas after moving to Waretown.This is an example of an extreme case in which the person fe lt the need to direct one particular group to socialize with because she did not feel as though she had much in common with the other non-Hispanic working class students she chose to interact with this social hierarchy. She gave in to conformity from her past actions to better fit the desires and social realities of her newly acquired friends. Gender is another social aspect that many people use to classify each other. It has been said that had it not been for ourselves questioning or labeling gender, it would not exist at all. The Social Construction of Gender written by Judith Lorber argues gender construction begins being cataloged after viewing the childs genitals after delivery. Upon birth babies are treated differently based on energize and/or gender.An unintentional yet major classification occurs as soon as the baby is placed in his or her incubator. Nurses and other medical module wrap the tiny babies in one of two colors pink or blue. It has even been researched that o ur speech and tone changes according to the babies sex as well. If we see a baby boy, for example, we quickly begin to daydream of tossing the old pigskin around in the yard or rough housing the baby. For the baby girl, however, we speak in softer high pitched tones and fantasize about planning make believe tea parties with baby dolls as guests. In essence, Lorber believes that gender behavior is acquire and is being taught not necessarily an expression of how we see ourselves. Another gender specific knowledge was examined in R.W. Connells Gender Relations. In this article we learned of 2 separate studies conducted.Barry Thornes research in which teaching roles in American elementary schools were mostly comprised of females and playgrounds were divided based on gender. The second study was performed by Dunbar Moodies, who researched South African mines that were, not surprisingly, dominated by the male workforce. Another theory learned in Connells article was that of trailblazin g British womens rightist Juliet Mitchell- who taught that there were four elements of gender that subjugate women. Those four facets were believed to be production, reproduction, socialization, and sexuality. It is also demonstrated in more current literary findings unrelated to gender.For example, Black sentinel Fences addresses racial stereotypes, but it also depicts womens roles separately from male gender roles. Each story that is told from first person shares a journey that taken either from reformed bad boys or girls that have strayed along the beaten path and hooked up with the guy from the wrong side of the track. The males were sometimes peer pressured into joining gangs from lack of responsible male figures and as a result may have performed illegal acts. This clearly represents gender assignments. Intersectionality involves both social and cultural relationships that overlap between race, class, and gender. Perhaps the most obvious portrayal of this theme isSection 2 Biology and FamiliesIn Conleys article The Starting Gate regarding the coefficient of correlation between low birth weight babies and race it was determined that social standings in society is not based solely on genetics and biology. Instead we learn that other factors may influence our place in society as well. Things like our educational backgrounds and what occupations we choose to support ourselves combine with aspects that are outdoors of our control, like birth order and race, to decide the social class we will inherent. Women Without Class discusses the concept of some students becoming upwardly mobile. This concept is serious because it shows how race and enhanceal occupations sometimes do not decide what social class a person will be invited into. The upwardly mobile students were not necessarily white, and had parents who were blue collar workers as opposed to being a lawyer, doctor, etcyet despite all of this they were still able to join the social cliques of the el ite.These girls were also able to develop a strong sense of class awareness. In fact, Lareaus Invisible Inequality even states that race has very little to do with class social standings. The data collected from this investigation examines parenting styles all socioeconomic backgrounds from either Black or clean-living families perspective. The researchers were able to map the connections between parents resources and their childrens daily activities. Middle class families, regardless of race, tended to take a more traditional approach to child rearing in affinity with lower class families who relied heavily on outside play and extended families for activities. Middle class parents also stressed language development and use of reason out skills. These parents enroll their children in various age appropriate organized activities that govern family life and create massive effort for grows. The parents view these activities as passing on important life skills to children.They asked leading open-ended questions that required insight and thought provoking answers. Whereas, working class and poor families believe that if they give a child love, food, and a safe environment they will grow to become responsible adults. They also participate in little organized sports or other activities and have much more free time. Working-class and poor parents issue many more directives to their children and some place a great deal of stress on physical punishment. A great example of this is the research of Harold McAllister, a 10 year old from a lower class shocking family. Harolds mother asks very little questions of authority figures (such as the family doctor) and does not encourage Harold to be cognizant of his body and any health related questions he may have. He plays outdoors with his older cousins and occasionally attends church. For the most part Invisible Inequality is full of descriptions of race versus class status.However, with regard to birth order and geographi c locations determining social status, it is also briefly mentioned in Invisible Inequality. For instance, when we are introduced to another research subjects family, upper middle class black family Alexander Williams, we learn that both of Alexs parents are from small Southern towns and come from large families. This slight mention is yet another example of intersectionality as well. A more extreme example, genetically speaking Ms Phipps (mentioned previously) was considered legally Black however her social status did not classify her by her race. Phipps identifies with the White race. The case illustrated the inadequacies that claim that race is merely skin color. We have all witnessed or been aware of racial conditioning at one point or another.We make assumptions based on race and classify a persons race immediately according to their physical appearance. Biologically speaking, there are many factors that influential in determining a persons birth weight. Low income families ha ve less medical care and are exposed to certain agents that remove normal growth of the fetus. Also contact with second hand smoke and lead based paints, etc. have been attributed towards low birth weight. Another factor involving biology is the responsibility many women from different racial backgrounds face.White women, for example, have long been expected to remain wholesome and keep the family bloodlines pure. Pressure to remain a virgin until marriage and pre-marital sex were heavily stressed among white women. This forced racial conformity as a means of biological deterioration for the white race. In conclusion, all of the articles and readings discussed previously support Conleys summation that both genetic and biological starting points do not fully determine our social standings in class. Rather, they work cohesively with other reasons to establish these relationships.Section 3 Working Class Middle Class IdentitiesAlthough class is especially important I would defy that other issues are becoming increasingly just as important if not more. Factors such as race and or gender influence personal outcomes. Both Women Without Class and Black Picket Fences provided various examples to support this theory.

Exercise For Beating Obesity

example For Beating ObesitySome people pick up fitness a physical activity that includes rigorous daily workout regime, differents consider it is being slim-trim or having muscular body or having stamina to do a marathon run. Fitness is a sign of having fit body and good read/write head.Nowadays, the worldwide percentage of grievous people is increasing and it became the centre portray of healthc be industry. Previously, obesity was considered a sign of over weight which means looking bad nevertheless now it is a disease which brings lot of medical forking that hatful force a life threat. This contortion domiciliate be over contend by proper dieting, act upon and self-discipline.There is a nonion that obesity is just now related to your weight. People consider themselves Obese by checking their body weight on scale however, the scale does not calculate body surge (important factor for obesity) and height, which may lead to miscalculation of the obesity. Hence it i s important to precisely calculate body mass, height and age to know whether you ar obese or not. However, if you have excessive body avoirdupois then you would be tagged as obese. Gener all toldy, if a person weighs more(prenominal) than than the average weight of new(prenominal) people of same(p) height and age, then he or she is considered obese.The excessive body fat leads to overweight. To overcome obesity you need to withdraw weight. Weight loss is earnest more calories than you eat. However, for the effective results it is requisite to know the basics of weight loss, which cases need to be done and how it should be done? The most important aspect is to financial dorsuming yourself motivated. The above explained criterias leave alone provide you the tools you lease to let go weight.Exercise helps in reducing hungerAccording to a study enjoymentded by National Institutes of tumesceness and conducted by the Obesity Researchers of University of Michigan, it was found that Physical exercise helps in reducing appetite.The study was presented at The Endocrine Societys 90th Annual Meeting in San Francisco. It center on the relation among exercise, obesity and Leptin ( hormone linked to appetite).In the research, the police detectives conducted the test on a group of grade-menopausal women (Group that is prone to increased central adiposity (belly fat) because of the change in their hormones). In morning and aft(prenominal)noon, they put these women on a treadmill for written reportouts. The observation from this activity was that either woman under observation performed a high posture workout or indulged in a traditional cut transport cardio exercise.Throughout the day, all the participants ( each(prenominal) woman participant) were required to rank their direct of hunger on a scale of 1 to 10. Moreover, blood samples were taken to measure the level of leptin in their blood. This study revealed that compargond to a normal woman, there was a higher level of leptin in the blood sample of an obese woman. To add, the obese women did not report any appetite loss during exercise regime.The overall outcome of the study is as followsThe hormone leptin affects appetite. For the normal individuals, an increase in the level of leptin leads to lack of appetite. In obese individuals, increase in leptin has minimum affect on appetite. Hence, though the quantity of leptin produced is more, the obese individuals underground to leptin does not manufacture any difference to their appetite. This kind of pattern indicates the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes in obese men/women.As per the study, both types of workout (high intensity workout or a lower intensity cardio workout) reduce level of leptin in the normal weight woman. That means there should be increase in the appetite. Inte assuagementingly, though the level of leptin is dipping during the exercise, the normal weight woman did not felt hungry. (The findings published by the E ndocrine Society did not nurture any subdueg regarding the appetite of the normal weight woman post-workout.)With respect to obese woman, the high intensity workout had no affect on the level of leptin. Though the incorporate cardio type workout led to dip in the level of leptin, however there is minimal affect on the hunger. Overweight messes the appetite control arrangement.With regards to study, the researchers were exhausting to establish a direct link among leptin, exercise, appetite and obesity. However, they failed to make out complete relation. The appetite control and obesity is a complex issue and the more we try to find out, it detects more complicated and conf utilize. The one result we tidy sum draw from this research is overweight individuals whoremongernot depend on their appetite if they want to lose their weight.Few insights on weight loss be as followsYour daily activities may just be your key to weight loss.ActivitiesCalories LossBuying market place122Mov ing191Vacuuming119Cleaning signaling102Going for stroll103Biking220From the above insight we can conclude that increased physical activity can benefit everyone. nearly people can begin gradual, moderate exercise on their own. some other activity that can help you in losing calories is horticulture. If this is your hobby than you will never become obese. There are lot of moves involved in gardening like- raking and edging the lawn, moving about the mulch pile, digging holes, pulling weeds and planting seeds. Gardening utilise all the major muscle groups in the body. As per the statistics half an arcminute gardening can help a 185 pound person to shorten around 202 calories.According to one of the studies conducted on this subject gave some astonishing findings much(prenominal) as- gardening could reduce insulin resistance in human body. Increase in insulin resistance could lead to metabolic conditions or diabetes, both of those can significantly contribute to the risk of heart disease.It has been suggested that urban gardens should not only be employ to mend public health and provide fresh produce but also to provide exercise. Also, for better gardening, gadgets like electric weed-whackers can be used, which make gardening easy. In addition to gardening, avoiding convenience devices like garage-door openers and remote controls can help you to burn calories and help to increase your overall amount of physical activity.The other activities that can help in reducing weight are as follows1. Sitting and reading or reflection TVInstead of considering this an exercise we destination this an activity. Sitting and reading burn more calories than sitting quietly or sleeping. Brain activity increases when we consciously interpret what we see or read, and for this we need unnecessary energy which is supplied by the body. Increased brain activity burns more often than not carbohydrates and gum olibanum very little total calories are burned, in contrast other m etabolic processes use fat to fuel the process. As per the estimate, this activity will burn 1-2 calories per minute which is very compared to muscle burning fat.2. deject fellows renal pelvis workLight housework can burn up to 2-3 calories per minute. For this activity higher percentage of fats are utilized which in turn can burn around 70% of calories. This activity is not usually considered for loosing weight, but if considered can help in make hasteing body metabolism. For example doing household activities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as washing, cleaning, sweeping, etc., require lot of energy outflow, as a result higher amount of fat are burned and hence it will lead to weight loss. Light household work can become a part of the exercise program and help to speed up metabolism. Once you set about loosing weight, your opinion regarding household work will change. Now, for you household work will be as exciting as any other exercise regime.3. WalkingWalking is considered to b e one of the best exercises for weight loss. Walking can help to burn around 55% of fat however, the amount of fat burned depends on the intensity of the walk. A brisk pass or long duration walk helps to burn heavy(a)r amount of calories. The choice of exercise can be make based on the amount of calories it helps to burn. Walking can be the exercise for the people of any age who want to lose weight.4. Aerobic exercise or light JoggingAnother option for weight loss is aerobic exercise. Aerobics are physical exercises that erect the heart rate and improve the oxygen expenditure in the body, which benefits the entire human body. Aerobics includes acts of pass, running, swimming and dancing. This exercise can burn a large amount of energy in the single go. However, for the obese, this exercise can be intense. Especially if obese tries to compete with other fit member. The side effect of intense aerobics on the obese is they may pick up heavy breathing that will result in burning of carbohydrates and slowing the percentage of fat burn to as low as 30%. Hence, it is suggested to start the exercise regime with gentle walk. After some calendar weeks you can move to brisk walking and when you become little fit you can then tack together to aerobics exercise for better results. 5. Running Average one mile in 7 minutes.Running 7 minutes a mile can burn more than 10 calories per minute. And looking at runners on the street, you may infer that this is the best exercise to lose weight. Most of the runners are slim and thin and this pace of running are suitable for them because they are trained runners and their muscles have adopted to this level of intense running over years. They utilize more oxygen which accelerates fat burning mechanism even at higher levels of physical efforts. However, for loosing weight this may not be the right exercise because you will loose 80% carbohydrates and only 20% fat. Loosing higher percentage of carbohydrates will accelerate appe tite rather than suppressing it.6. Sprinting or weight trainSprinting or weight training is few of the intense exercise you can perform for weight loss. This exercise burn lots of carbohydrates and the amount of calories burned is also very high. However, this exercise can be performed for small durations due to muscle exhaustion. This exercise requires lot of rest between the training sessions and hence can burn fewer amounts of calories. The other exercise like aerobics can be performed regularly because of low physical exhaustion and hence can burn more calories compare to sprinting. You can get positive results by working out lightly over a longer duration.The outcome of above explanation is intense exercise is not a good choice when you want to loose weight. However, it has recommended that intense training had affects on metabolism even though the workouts has stopped resulting in loosing many extra calories during the rest period. Building lean muscles by using weights can p rovide added advantage by increasing the metabolism and helping in burning the fat at the rest period. If your fitness level is ok then weight training exercise can provide excellent results.For the fit operation of body system parts, regular exercise is moldiness. Mild exercise helps to maintain the size, tone, shape muscles of the body and laborious exercise strengthen them. Exercise aids joint flexibility and chain of mountains of movement. Performing 5 minutes of each push ups and squat would aid in building muscle mass. The muscles help in higher metabolism and thus burn more calories a day. According to the fitness consultant Mr. Harley Pasternak, author of The 5 Factor Diet, the high heart rate would burn more calories post cardio. The intense the workout, the longer it would take for metabolism to return to its original state.Regular exercise would help to lose weight. The key to lose weight is to exercise sufficiently longer and harder so that your body should burn more c alories than it generated each week.A moderate to intense aerobic exercise performed for 45 to 60 minutes at least 5 magazines a week would give you the best results.5 reasons for exercise1. Additional energyAs per the study conducted by the scientist at the University of New Orleans, it was proved that exercise can make you more energetic. To prove this fact, scientist conducted a research by asking 42 participants to gauge their frame of mind before and after a 50 minutes aerobics. The result was the most of the participants felt less tense and tired after the exercise. As per the research conducted in the year 1997, brisk 10 minute walk can provide more energy than eating a candy bar. This is because exercise boosts a hormone that increases energy. Few workouts would strengthen the lungs capacity to pump more oxygen which will aid to improve muscles strength leading to increase in stamina. Hence after workouts you will feel more energetic.2. Relieve from stressA simple workout ca n help in reducing stress and anxiety. At Indianan University, researcher used psychological test to measure the anxiety levels in living beings. As per the test, 15 participants were asked to report how they felt before and after a 20 minute workout session. As per the participants, they felt considerably less anxious during an hour and two after the exercise session. Exercise not only enhance the flow of brain element like serotonin, that aid positive mood, but also increase the body temperature which is relaxing like taking bath in hot tub.3. Creative MindExercise can help in being creative. An experiment conducted on 63 participants at Englands Middlesex University, showed very impressive results. Participants were tested after they did aerobics and after they watched a video. The result was they felt more affirmative and also they scored higher on creativity after the workouts.4. Healthier arteriesHigh-density lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol) helps cl ear the body of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the one which add to artery-clogging. As per the studies HDL can carry cholesterol deposited in arteries to somewhere, where it is not harmful, safeguarding arteries. Hence HDL is very important for the body and exercise enhances the levels of HDL in the body. There is another fat particle in the blood called triglycerides which is related to heart. As per the studies, the lower the level of triglycerides, the lower the risk of heart disease. The intense workout lowers the level of triglycerides by more than 40%, hence lowering the risk of heart disease. physical exertion converts triglycerides into fatty acids form which can be burned for energy. You burn calories when you workout which will lead to loss of weight.5. Improved defencesAs per the saying, when you exercise you have 40 to 50 % fewer sick days. When you exercise, your heart starts pounding faster and the blood compel increases, driving disease-fighting immune cells into the blood. Theses cells detect the troublemakers like cold, flu viruses and other bacterium and fight them off the body.Other alternatives to burn calories and Build StrengthSpice Up Your usageExercise comes in varieties such as walking, jogging, aerobics, tai chi, tennis, gardening, swimming and many others. The important thing is to know which one is enjoyed by you. The more you enjoy the more you can workout. As the saying goes, variety is the spice of life.Workout using exercise ballsIt is a well know fact that many people use exercise balls to workout. They are orthopaedic balls and a highly competent exercise tool. They are handy and thus people can perform workout at any place such as office, home, in nominal head of television using these balls. The above illustration is enough to prove the effectiveness of the balls. The additional reasons for the popularity of the balls are explored below.Positive aspects and benefits of orthopaedic ballsBecause of the balls ergonomic features, they provide support to your poser helping them to be straight and thus making your body well balanced. You can sit on this comfortably with the satisfaction that your sitting posture is determine and healthy. You can sit on these balls in the office comfortably.While working for moderate hours, you have to sit continuously in the same position. This is bad for the back and unhealthy. The orthopaedic balls forces you to change position in order to balance your body on the ball thus providing motion and helping to keep your bones and joints tensile and in shape.Now the question is how it can be an exercise ball. The answer for this question is when you are trying to balance your body on the ball it makes you reach out your muscles and joint without your knowledge. Also, the ball can be called as an excellent companion because numerous exercises can be performed with the ball and it helps you to stay fit and in shape.Other benefits of orthopaedic balls areOne of the bene fits of performing workout using balls is exercise boosts your metabolism and blood flow helping to clean your organism, thus providing a healthy lifestyle.Exercise balls are less costly compared to other exercise equipments such as treadmill, weighting devices, etc. Also, since it is toy like, you can have more fun plot of land exercising and can burn calories, gain muscles, lose weight and stay fit.There are lot more benefits of exercise balls additional to those mentioned above. These balls are cheaper and affordable. They can be kept any where in the house and you can enjoy performing on it when ever you want.The other fun and inexpensive exercises areExercise BallsAs discussed above, exercise balls are the recent edit outs. The brightly colour oversized plastic balls can be used to perform variety of exercises which helps to improve balance, move provide Strength, flexibility, coordination, better posture. It also helps in strengthening your body core muscles such as abdomen, back and sides.PilatesAnother exercise which is in trend is Pilates. It helps in strengthening your muscles, making them flexible and improves posture. The origin of Pilates dated back to 20th century it was comeed by the German man named Joseph Pilates. Pilates concentrates on using body core muscles to support move through large range of motion. Pilates exercise is performed using mats. But, there are some Pilate exercises which require other large equipment involving pulleys. Pilates is very popular among celebrities and professional dancers, it help to integrate mind and body and helps to maintain slim and healthy shapes.Resistance bandsThis is a common game play by the kids. A rubber band is stretched with the index finger and it flings across the room to the other person for fun. The same concept is applied in the resistance bands. However not only your index finger but the whole body muscles get workout. In resistance bands, you use your own body weight instead of the exter nal weights like dumbbells for resistance.This is how the resistance bands workTo use resistance band, you should slip the band around your arm or foot and extend or lift the limb against the bands resistance. It can also be sheltered to the door or bar for doing exercise. This is also a cheap and portable exercise tool. They come in different sizes and with different degree of resistance. The utility of shorter bands is they help in strengthening hips, ankles, wrists and hands where as longer bands are used for legs and arms. There are implicit colours to identify the resistance. Yellow colour bands are identified as least resistance bands followed by green, red, blue and black.Physical exhaustion (Exercise) is more beneficial than dieting to overcome obesityIn the research conducted at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Centre, the researchers were trying to understand what aid in reducing the size of abdominal fat cells. These cells play a major role in developing diabetes an d heart disease.The study conducted for 20 weeks gave them the important fact such as burning calories is only one of the remedies for reducing abdominal fat cells the other things that are require is change in lifestyle.Though it is a well established fact that exercise can help in reducing fat cell size, the intensity of exercise is matter or not is not proven. Since it is prevalent that more women suffer from obesity than men, the study usually involves women participants. The target was to lose 2800 calories per week. The participants were divided into three groups and each group had different set of book of instructions for loosing weight. The first group need to burn calories by dieting alone. The second group was required to walk at the speed of 1 to 2 miles per hour on a treadmill three times a week for around 50 minutes. The third group was required to walk at the speed of 3.5 to 4 miles per hour, three times a week for around 30 minutes.The food was be after by the regis tered dieticians. The body size, weight, total fat and abdominal fat cell size were measured before the experiment. After the experiment the results were All the participants from the three groups were able to reduce body weight, fat mass, percent weight, waist and hip girths. However, the second and the third group were additionally able to reduce around 18% in the size of abdominal fat cells because the first group was only on dieting were as the second and the third group was performing exercise. some(prenominal) the second and the third group were able to burned 400 calories per week through walking.The one of the main reason behind the obesity related diseases is the abdominal fat. It is suggested that the exercise should be prescribed as the prescription for treating health complication related to the abdominal fat.Gym can be part of your homeCardio exercises are considered to be the best regime for maintaining proper health and body fitness. However, prosecute gym is difficu lt because of the cost and time factor. Nevertheless, it is not required to go to gym for exercising it can be done at the privacy of your house if you have will and perseverance for the continual workout. If once you are prepared for an hour exercise daily, you can have fit and healthy body and can be a part of exciting world of home cardio workout.Performing cardio exercise at homeStep aerobics is one of the best cardio exercises purchasable at present. Intense step exercise performed for a period of half an hour will help you to burn around 400 calories. Therefore, though it is mostly performed by the women, this can be a good option for men too. This is an excellent exercise that can help all without of any sex bias. jumping RopeJumping rope can be a valuable additional exercise tool to the home gym. It helps to improve body parts such as limb coordination, speed and eye movements, thus improving endurance and stamina.Stationary bicyclesBy cycling regularly you can burn around d calories in a single go. This is not a new exercise. People who are in cardio and fitness would have known the benefits of cycling. Therefore, stationary bicycles can be an addition t your gym for easier weight loss and fitness.The other highly productive physical exercises are jumping jacks and swimming. Addition to this, regular walking can work wonders for cardiovascular health. Hence, all the exercises that are mentioned above combined with some other can become your personal exercise regime and you will be benefited without ever leaving the peace of your home.Water Aerobics and its benefitsThough some people have different view regarding pissing aerobics because of plastered discrimination, it can be a lot of fun and excitement for kids and adults.Aerobics is a physical exercise discussed earlier in the article. The latest addition to aerobics is water aerobics and has many advantages. There is no age restriction for this exercise. Its all depends on individual need and ca pabilities. Water aerobics involves movement of each and every muscle and joints of the body. It is very fun because it calm the heat that generate from exercises.Water allows floating and thus puts less strain on the joints and enough pressure on muscles to work. Obese, who are for a while unable to do exercise can opt for water aerobics. It is sure water aerobics would kindle their spirit.For water aerobics classes certain things need to keep in mind. The exercise regime should be formulated with the help of physicians. Person having diabetes should have medical indication. The water temperature should be controlled to provide optimal conditions for burning of calories. Warming before the exercise is essential and taking shower after the exercise is must because water might be chlorinated. Drinking plenty of water helps to keep you hydrated. It is always advisable to have instructor while swimming and to follow all safety rules for your well being. If necessary you can use floatin g devices which can help you to be focused on exercise routine.Water strengthens the muscles, hence walking, running, jogging in the water helps to develop cardio respiratory fitness. Different games involve different movement thus provide flexibility. As the classes progress, you can go to deep water depending upon the workout.Maximum of 20 to 40 minutes of jogging and walking per session should be enough for the body. You can burn more calories through water aerobics. You can burn around 340 calories while jogging in chest deep water for 30- minute compared to 240 calories you burn when jogging on land. A well qualified instructor is a must who not only can instruct on water aerobics but also can understand health concerns.Children and exerciseThe percentage of obese children has increased drastically in past 30 years. The cause of this is the inactive lifestyle, less involvement in extra curricular activities and sitting and ideally watching the television or playacting video ga mes.The parents and the caretakers should plan the schedule in a way that it should accommodate all activities necessary for child. There should be time limit for watching television and the rest of the time should be planned for productive outcome. Child should be encouraged for physical activities such as walking rather than bus, using stairs instead of elevators. As the saying goes children learn from adults. Hence parents should set example for childrenFor child, the routine is full of physical activities. They enjoy playing indoor and outdoor games. These games provide lot of movement and thus provide flexibility and stamina to children. Adults who thing exercising as lifting weights and sweating in gym, can learn from childrens play.Fitness comprises of the three elements stamina, strength and flexibility and all these things can be found in childrens play. All the above three mentioned elements can be seen when children are chasing each other, crossing monkey bars and when t hey bend to tie shoe laces.It is a duty of parents and teachers to make sure children participate in mixed activities which have all the elements of fitness. Endurance (stamina) would build when children practices aerobics. Aerobics increase heart rate and speed up breathing. If done regularly, it enables the body to provide oxygen to all the cells and it helps in strengthening the heart. Running, skating, walking, cycling, playing basketball, soccer, swimming, tennis are the aerobics activities and if carried out regularly can benefit the body immensely. Beside useful, these activities provide fun and excitement.Weight lifting is not the only tool for gaining strength and the children who want to do weight lifting should perform it under adult supervision. However, children can gain strength while playing such as climbing or wrestling. Additional to this, children can perform sit-ups, crunches, and push ups for toning their muscles.Stretching of arms and legs helps to improve flexi bility and is the activity children perform from early age. short children start stretching when they reach for things they want or when they do cartwheel. It is not necessary that all children should do the same exercise or spend same amount of time on exercising.For infants, there is no much requirement for exercise. However, children of age 2 and above should spend hour an hour performing planned activities and one hour playing freely. Pre-school children should spend more than an hour for planned activities and the school children should spend more time.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but it is also has many benefits for children. Children who perform physical activities are less prone to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical exhaustion leads to strong muscles and bone twist and has slim body. Also, exercise helps in controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels in blood. And thus young children have better chance to be healthy adults. Physical exercise not only keeps good health but also aid in better sleep and helps to cope with stress. With respect to food, parents and teachers are responsible for incorporating the healthy food habits among children because junk food reduces the positive personal effects of exercise.The role of exercise in preventing childishness obesityThe increasing threat of childishness obesity is visible in the United States as well as around the word in developed and developing countries. Obese children are at a greater risk of severe medical complexity. The chronic disease such as osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease can cause severe health complications. This will lead to poor quality of life, shortened lifespan, increased personal and financial burden. All the above occurred due to the physical inactivity. Thus, it is important to consider exercise and physical exhaustion as a resource to combat childhood obesity. To understand the literature of childhood obesity, familiarity of weight status in children and metabolic syndrome is important. Exercise plays a vital role in managing weight from prenatal to adolescent stage. Children family and community impact the accessibility of physical activity.Resistance instruct Vs. Aerobic TrainingResistance training and aerobic training are best in the routine for any population unless there are some underlying circumstances. Both the workouts have their benefits. However, the benefits you get from these workouts are different. No one is better than other. Which one to select depends on the requirements?Resistance and aerobics exercise should be incorporated for childhood obesity. The two exercises go one after the other. Resistance training builds muscles, which in turn helps in burning more calories during aerobics. It is proven that aerobics burn more calories resistance training has higher position for burning calories.Resistance TrainingResistance training increases muscular strength. It is the ability of muscle to pro duce force against a resistance. Muscular strength is the ability of a person to exert force on physical objects using muscles. Muscular strength enhancement can be improved by introducing muscles to a stimulus which is greater in resistance than they are familiarized to. The above mentioned resistance is heavier than aerobics resistance. It should be noted that, one-time(a) children get more benefits from the resistance training than the younger ones. This happens because due to the release of hormones after puberty. For the same reasons, men will have greater training effects than females. Resistance training not only increase bon

Budgeting Process and Performance Analysis of Vershire

Budgeting Process and Performance Analysis of VershireCompany Description and BackgroundVershire Company is a modify packaging corporation with various large divisions. Its some prominent segment the Aluminum Can division, is one of the largest manufacturers of aluminum beverage batchs in the United states. This deterrent example focuses on the calculateing process and performance analysis of Vershire. A major concern of the go with is pleasing the customers as most of their buyers have several suppliers on hand, message that Vershire can be easily replaced if the customers expectations on quality, cost or service atomic number 18 not met. As a result, efficiency and low costs ar top priorities to the company. The main problem of Vershire is that they argon treat bes as moolah centres instead of expense centres, which is an inefficient mensuration of performance for manufacturing plants.QuestionsVershire Companys Planning arrangementStrengthsdivisional managers submit re ports to predict outlook on sales and capital requirements five years ahead as a part of the strategic planning process. This demonstrates the companys preparedness for future event predictions and its ability to formulate long term goalsSales forecasting are formulated at the integrated level and then send to the divisional managers for analysis and fine tuning. This promotes more realistic and accurate numbers as the managers understand and know how each line functions personallyBefore the patience of reckon plans, controller staff from the head office visits each plant to analyze the current operations and gives the opportunity for plant managers to explain their situation and argumentation behind their numbers, improving accuracy and usability of these documentsWeaknessCorporate headquarters make fundamental assumptions such as new products, new plants, inventory carry overs, forward buying, and packaging trends, even though divisional managers are responsible for managin g the division which lowers the accuracy of the forecast and decrease efficiency cod to necessary corrections during palingenesisAll division lines use the same method of forecasting regardless of size, which impedes on the accuracy due to the different customer base, products and demands each line possesses govern managers determine the sales budgets rather than the plant managers even though it is the responsibility of the plant managers to achieve the goal and is tied to their performance reportVershire Companys Controlling SystemStrengthsDivisional managers are given full control over their own business with exceptions to the raising of capital and labour relations which are centralized at head office. This allows the opportunity for divisional managers to make necessary decisions that is specific to achieving their own objectivesQuick and easy communication between various levels within the organization as there are few tiers in the divisionConsistent effort in meeting the co mpanys budget as large unfavourable variances are to be made aware of on a daily basis by plant managers and variance analysis sheets are prepared monthlyWeaknessesVershire focuses on realise for measuring the plant managers performance and to determine bonuses. This analysis tool is not efficient as there are other contributing factors to determine the say-so of plant managersMayDivisional General Managers formulate preliminary report summarizing the outlooks for sales, income and capital requirements for the next budget year and evaluates trends anticipated for the two subsequent years for corporate management precept Divisional General Managers possesses the most knowledge about their own region and is more equipped to create these documents. It also erects a rough idea of where areas of productions can be improvedCentral Market Research staff develops a more formal market assessment, examining the next budget year in detail and the following two years in general terms precep t Uses the information provided by the divisional managers to produce a more refined and detailed market analysisCentral Market Research staff develops separate sales forecasts for each division and a unite forecast for the entire companyTopics such as economic conditions and their impact on customers and market share for different products by geographical area are taken into accountFundamental assumptions are made to price, new products, changes in particular accounts, new plants etc. in order to produce forecastRationale Promotes uniformity in the formulation in all sales forecasts, determine areas for improvement, assesses areas where market share can grow, and ensures that overall corporate sales forecasts were both likely and achievableDivisional Managers compile their own sales forecast from bottom up with input from District Sales Managers to be submitted for review by the ill-doing President of MarketingRationale To review of the head offices sales forecast and mark any ch anges and additional investments needed. District Managers inputs are utilized as theyre most familiar with sales (more accurate estimates)Vice President of Marketing reviews consolidated sales forecasts and submits it to corporate levelNo changes are made unless the district manager agreed who is originally responsible for the forecastRationale Ensures the forecasts accurately reflects both the knowledge of the district manager and the vice president of marketingProcess is iterate on the corporate level (approval from District Manager if needed) until budget figures are approved and become a fixed objectiveRationaleEnsures that all levels of the company is agreement to the calculated figure and that the budget is sufficient to achieve company goalsOverall sales budget is translated and broken down harmonize to the plants from which finished goods would be shipped and sent to Plant ManagersRationale Sales budget are sent to these plants as they are the ones to generate grosssPlant Managers then categorized the budget according to price, volume and end useOnce categorized, the plant managers budget for gross profit, fixed expenses and pre-tax incomeCan request help for the Industrial Engineering Department to develop cost reduction plansRationale All cost standards and cost reduction targets are developed by the Industrial Engineering, therefore, it makes sure that numbers consistent and reasonable for inputBefore the submitting budgets, controller staff visit each plant and review plans with managers (usually takes half a day) until it is finalized and sent to Division Head OfficeRationale Gives opportunity for plant managers to reason their figuresSeptemberDivision Head office looks over budget and may return it to Plant Manager if discrepancy is formWill ask plant manager to looks for any additional savings if the budget is not quite in line with expectationsWhen it is finalized, the budget will be sent to the Chief Executive OfficerRationale Due to the p lant manger having direct experience with the plants operations, it is necessary for them to make any changes for savingscelestial latitudeChief Executive Officer makes any modifications to the final budget if needed until it is sent it to the Board of Directors for final budget approvalFinal review and ensures that budget is appropriate for corporate goalsPlant managers should not be fully responsible for scratch as they arent able to control all aspects of the products profitability. Since profit is calculated from revenue subtract expenditures, plant managers should only be responsible for expenses, a measure that they can control. This includes direct material and labour, variable manufacturing overhead and fixed overhead budget. Revenues are usually controlled by the sales department which possesses control over the price, sales mix, and delivery schedules of products. Also, since the sales managers opinion is always favoured over the plant manager due to satisfying the custom er, it negatively affects the plant managers ability to control profit and efficiency in output costs.In Exhibit 2, the evaluation system focuses on the profits of Vershire which includes revenues and expenses. Since plant managers have no control over the revenue aspect of products, the information provided does not properly evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the plant. Factors such as variances in sales price, sales mix, and sales volume are solely handled by the sales department with no input from plant mangers, making results treacherous and irrelevant.In Exhibit 3, the individual plant level reports give a more detailed insight of the variances shown in Exhibit 2. Once again, it does not provide an accurate representation of the plants performance as it includes variables that are uncontrollable by the plant manager such as sales. Regarding divisional level reports, the comparative profit performance analysis focuses on net sales while the comparative manufacturing ef ficiency analysis compares varying sized plants that produce different products together, making it some other unreliable and inaccurate source of analysis.Some changes I would recommend for Vershire company are to redesign how bonuses are given to plant managers as the current measurement mechanisms do not accurately reflect performance, improve comparisons of manufacturing efficiency between different plants due to the varying size and product offering of each plant and improve communication across the tiers in order to minimize error corrections and time for budget reviews. Possible solutions include organizing meetings to include all managers and corporate levels to discuss about the companys performance, relate managers performance with cost reduction measures to determine bonuses, and develop a universal measurement unit to fairly compare plants together. goalIn conclusion, Vershire Company should reconfigure its measurement mechanisms in order to truly analyze the performanc e levels of the company and begin treating its manufacturing plants as expense centres rather than profit centres. Therefore, Vershire can gather more accurate and reliable information to use for achieving objectives.

World Trade Organizations or developed Countries Organization? :: Essays Papers

Organizations or Developed Countries Organization? World Trade Organizations or developed Countries Organization?In the 16th century, England had a lot of colonies, which were primed(p) in Africa. At that time, the primary function of colonies were to supply raw materials to England, and England can sold all the finished products to the colonies in order to make profits. This story is the first of international trade. In the 21st century, international trade is more busy than ever. According to comparative advantage theory, each unpolished should specialize and produce those products if the country has a comparative advantage on those products, and use those products to trade with other countries in order to achieve specialization and exchange theory. However, during the trade process, it may imbibe a lot of problems coming out, so a world organization were established in order to solve those problems and try to make trade into a smooth process.The World Trade Organization (WT O), was established in 1st, January, 1995, which was created during the Uruguay Round Negotiations. There argon 146 countries as a member in the WTO. The main functions of a WTO are administering WTO trade agreements, as a forum for trade negotiations, handling trade disputes and monitoring national trade policies. One of the main function of the WTO are to enforce GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) and TRIPS (Trade-Related Intellectual Property). But what is TRIPS? It is agreements, which protect invent innovation and design around the world. In other wrangling TRIPS is used to protect copyrights, trademarks which developed countries already, owns most of the shares on these. According to WTO, although TRIPS will bring a absolutely term cost to developing countries, and only short term benefits for developed countries. In the long term it can encourage innovation, discovery in the developing countries. Once the developing country reaches certain levels on prot ection copyrights or trademark, this TRIPS agreement will benefits to every single person. To explain the short-term benefits to the developed countries, as I have mentioned before, most of the patents, copyrights owned by developed countries, if developing countries want to produce a product that have patents on it, the developing countries need to pay a royalty to developed countries or the corporation owns the right. In this TRIPS agreement, my argument is this agreement really helps the developing countries to become more innovation, discover, or is just the industrial countries want more money from the miserable countries.

Muhammad Ali :: Essays Papers

Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali, whose birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay, was born in Louisville, Kentucky January 17, 1942. He was named for a white, Kentucky abolitionist, Cassius M. Clay, and received the name Marcellus from his fathers name. Alis father, Marcellus Clay was a mural painter who did a lot of work for many churches in the community and his mother Odessa (Grady) Clay was a domestic worker. As a new-made boy, Cassius Clay was full of energy and carried a loud mouth wherever he went. One day when Ali discovered that someone stole his bicycle, he became savage and made loud threatening comments by exclaiming that he would whup whoever stole it. Upon hearing these threats, Louisville police officer Joe Martin persuaded Ali to take out his frustration in the packing material ring rather than on the dangerous streets of Louisville. At age 12, Alis boxing career had officially begun.Martin started Ali working out in Louisvilles capital of South Carolina Gym, and Ali became passionately devoted to the sport. With the help of a black trainer named Fred Stoner, who taught Ali the techniques of boxing and to move with the grace of a dancer, Ali became a very skilled and deadly competitor. betwixt 1955 and 1960, Ali had participated in 108 bouts, in which he won six Kentucky well-fixed Glove titles, two National Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) championships, two National G darkeneden Glove crowns, and received the Gold Medal in the light heavyweight division in the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy. Ali was only 18 years old when he won the Olympic Gold Medal by defeating Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, a tough fighter from Poland. Shortly after winning the Gold Medal, Ali started looking for develop opportunities by saying, that was my last amateur fight, Im turning pro, but I dont know exactly how. I want a good contract with a good manager. Ali felt that he was on top of the world after winning in the Olympics and felt confident that commonwealth of the U.S. would be proud of his accomplishment as he brought home the Gold. What Ali would return to find wasnt anything like he had expected. Once returning to his unintegrated hometown in Louisville, Ali showed off his Gold Medal to everyone whether they wanted to see it or not. Ali then decided to wear his Medal to downtown Louisville looking for respect and applause as a U.