An Analysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And...

Make It Out Alive In Sherman Alexie’s ‘The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Heaven’ (2005 edition) alcoholism plays a huge role throughout the book. Particularly in the short stories ‘Amusement’, ‘The Only Traffic Signal on the Reservation Doesn’t Flash Red Anymore’ and ‘A Train is an Order of Occurrence Designed to Lead to Some Result’. Kids on the reservation always start off good with school and sports keeping them busy, but somewhere along the way they always seem to fall off track. That is why things like basketball play such a huge role in their lives; distracting them from partying, drinking, and drugs. If just one person could make it out of there with a scholarship or something of that sort they would have hope. Victor being one of the most talked about character in these stories is a clear example of how his drinking problem affected him. In spite of that fact drinking affects every Indian on the reservation, if they havenà ¢â‚¬â„¢t drank, they’ve been around it all their lives. These stories help support why alcohol plays such a major role in their lives. In the short story ‘Amusement’, Victor and his friend Sally attend a carnival where most of its attendee’s are white. There they find another Indian man named Dirty Joe, he was dead drunk passed out on the ground. At first they tried helping him out but were embarrassed because the white people were pointing and laughing at them. Victor then had an idea and told Sally â€Å"Let’s put him on the roller coaster† (55). So

Role Of Gender Difference In Helping Behaviour †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role Of Gender Difference In Helping Behaviour. Answer: Introduction: Gender difference has its effects on different spheres of social life. Helping or prosocial behavior is one of the important phenomena of modern human society. Difference in sex and gender are the key factors that affect situations that require altruistic behavior (Koon, 2013). Different studies on how men and women act in situations when help to a stranger required showed different and often contradictory results. Research objective: To find out if there is any substantial changes in behavior pattern due to gender difference. To find out if people are aware of their gender bias. To find out when people are more willing to help, in case people of the same sex are at stake or people of the opposite sex, and how does it vary across genders. Research questions: Is there any kind of substantial change observed in behavioral pattern of the people, due to gender difference? How does helping behavior change if people of the same sex are at stake, and if people of opposite sex are at stake? What roles gender difference play in influencing the helping behavior of an individual? Literature review: History of bystander effect: There are several witnesses to a mishap but nobody came forward to help (Koon, 2013). Diffusion of responsibility: Every other person is thinking that the other person has the responsibility to take upon his or her own shoulder and simply shirk off the social responsibility to help the person at stake (Feng et al., 2016). Relationship between gender and helping behavior: Some studies have shown that there is no significant difference between men and women in case they are required to help the other person. There is also gender role model. According to that, male are willing to help when there is bravery needed, or when chivalry is required (Hupp-Wilds, 2014). Whereas, women engage in more emotional help, and help that requires understanding of more subtle psychological complications (Eagly, 2013). Findings: Different social experiments in regulated artificial setting will help get the desired results. Gender bias is as much social as it is cultural. Different cultures have their own understandings of gender bias. A study that addresses the degree of gender awareness among a social group and how that is affecting their overall prosocial behavior can also shed light upon other social aspects of their individual as well as community lifestyle. Research methodology: Statistical analysis of different surveys under modified artificial setting, such as mentioned above, or any other imagined situations, can give desired results concerning the proposed research objectives. Several experimental economic games like Dictator game, Public Good Game, Ultimatum Game can be modified and if conducted properly, can give useful results (Espinosa Kov?k, 2015). Also, the Qualitative Method of data collection can be used. The primary data can also be collected by organizing face to face interview with the respondents- decide who should be your respondents, what is the sample size, and how would you select them. Conclusion: Addressing issues of gender bias in situations requiring prosocial behavior can facilitate derivation of further social implications like, the common degree of gender awareness. How the awareness of gender bias can have its effect on prosocial behavior. Recommendations: The study should qualitatively evaluate the gender awareness. It should also focus on how different cultural factors will affect gender bias and further affect the helping behaviors in different social situations where people of opposite sex are involved. References: Conrads, J., Irlenbusch, B., Rilke, R. M., Walkowitz, G. (2013). Lying and team incentives.Journal of Economic Psychology,34, 1-7. Eagly, A. H. (2013).Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Psychology Press. Espinosa, M. P., Kov?k, J. (2015). Prosocial behavior and gender.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,9, 88. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00088 Feng, C., Deshpande, G., Liu, C., Gu, R., Luo, Y. J., Krueger, F. (2016). Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: a functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study.Human brain mapping,37(2), 663-677. Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T. (2013). The positive bystander effect: Passive bystanders increase helping in situations with high expected negative consequences for the helper.The Journal of social psychology,153(1), 1-5. Hupp-Wilds, B. (2014). Gender Roles and Helping Behavior. Columbus: The Ohio State University. Koon, J. (2013). Masculinity and bystander helping behavior: A study of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and bystander interventions. America: University of Iowa.

NAFTA Essays (1310 words) - North American Free Trade Agreement

NAFTA "The free trade argument states that, if each nation produces what it does best and permits trade, over the long run all will enjoy lower prices and higher levels of output, income, and consumption that could be achieved in isolation." The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), implemented in January of 1994, created a situation in North America in which there are no taxes on most products imported and exported between the three countries. Ideally, the governments of Canada, the U.S. and Mexico believed that breaking the trading barriers would increase jobs and other things as it bettered each of their economies. NAFTA, however, has not necessarily helped the economies in the way in which the governments had projected. There was much speculation before the signing of the treaty that NAFTA would not work out the way it was projected to. Some economists believed that one major problem which NAFTA would create, as opposed to what the governments thought, is loss of jobs. "In Canada and the United States, much of the political opinions against NAFTA has centered around the low wage rates in Mexico and the possibility of jobs being moved south of the Rio Grande River." It had seemed obvious for some that many wealthy factory owners would move to or expand in Mexico, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. As well, this would clearly create more exports for Mexico, and less exports for Canada and the United States. However, in the eight months after the implementation of the agreement, Canada had exported 33.2% more to Mexico and imported 31% more from Mexico than usual. This may show that Canada still exported more to Mexico then it imported from them, but, one must think that when the agreement! was first implemented, exports to Mexico may have included factors of production, businesses, etc. If so, these exports will have soon leveled off and jobs would be lost in Canada as businesses moved to Mexico. This has been seen to be case with the United States. "Although U.S. exports to Mexico have grown since NAFTA went into effect, the Administration's [Clinton's] own numbers show that imports from Mexico have gone through the roof; a U.S. trade surplus of $1.7 billion in 1993 spiraled downward into a deficit of $15.4 billion by 1995." Not only has NAFTA caused a loss in jobs in all three countries, but it has also caused a decrease in job benefits for workers in Canada and the United States. Before NAFTA went into effect, the corporate group USA*NAFTA claimed that "NAFTA itself will improve working conditions by generating economic growth, which will enable all three countries to provide more jobs with higher pay in a better working environment." However, this proved not to be the case. In actuality, NAFTA has given corporations more power to lower wages and decrease working conditions. "The most direct method is through ?whipsaw bargaining,' or threatening to shift production to Mexico unless workers agreed to concessions." In a situation where one's job is at risk, one must accept wage and benefit cuts. It seems as though since the implementation of NAFTA, workers rights have diminished. Even though productivity growth has occurred in many corporations, "In Canada, as well as in the U.S., real wages ar! e stagnating and the proportion of full-time workers living in poverty continues to grow." There should never be any workers, let alone full-time workers, living in poverty. In Canada as in any country, poverty should not exist among the working class. This is definitely not the case in Mexico where NAFTA has slammed the middle class back into poverty. Another thing which NAFTA affects is the environment. NAFTA supporters promised that the agreement would lead to increased investment in environmental cleanup and less maquiladoras along the U.S.-Mexico border. However, many communities still lack access to both water and sewage systems. "Today, only 10 percent of Mexico's yearly output of 7 million tons of hazardous waste receives adequate treatment, with the rest poured into clandestine waste dumps or municipal sewers." Maquiladoras are plants owned by foreign companies which send raw materials to Mexico for assembly. NAFTA has eliminated the duty on the importation of those goods back to Canada and the United States. NAFTA has caused an increase in the amount of maquiladoras. This has caused an increase in the amount of pollution in Mexico. NAFTA has taken emphasis away from the global environment as it puts the production of goods and exportation first. If workers aren't healthy, are we not headed for lower levels of pro! duction?

The People Stronger Than Senate in Rome essays

The People Stronger Than Senate in Rome essays Through a well-organized government a state can function effectively by exercising both social control and allocating power to institutions that function for the well being of society. The constitution embodies principles that serve as a mean to govern its nation. These are regulatory bodies of society that are driven by the constitution and that up to almost the end of the republic had succeeded in maintaining order. As a whole the constitution allowed the existence of an organized government, from which the state benefited, because they were able to concentrate on their foreign policy. Three important aspects of the constitution are the consuls, the senate, and the people of Rome. In theory these three elements are equal between themselves, but in practice some are disadvantaged more than their counterparts. The people as a unit were disadvantage, and less politically involved; a flaw that will later mark the end of the Roman republic. The first part of this essay will be looking at the important roles and functions of each element, and later, how they work for, or against each other. The important aspect of the constitution is the role and responsibilities of the people. In theory the people were the ones who were suppose to have the right to award both honors and punishments. When there were crimes committed that were punishable by fine, the people had the option to try the cases in courts. For more serious crimes, especially if the accused had held a high position in office and was risking being sentenced, they were allowed to voluntarily take exile upon themselves. The people awarded honor by bestowing office upon those who they thought deserved it. They were the ones who controlled the law courts, through the electoral system. The electoral system is very important because it brings together the state and the general society. The state can interpret the wishes of the people, find a middle ground and transla...

Whats SAT Superscore How Does It Help You

What's SAT Superscore How Does It Help You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Imagine you take the SAT in the fall of junior year and get an awesome Reading score. Your math, unfortunately, is not so great. To bring it up, you study for the next few months and retake the SAT in the spring. Your math score shoots way up, but your Reading actually decreases from what you got in the fall. What do you do?! Luckily, most colleges have a policy of "superscoring" the SAT, or taking your highest section scores across all dates you took the SAT. Let's break down exactly what superscoring is, why schools do it, and what this means for your SAT game plan. What is SAT Superscoring? Superscoring is the policy by which admissions officers consider your highest section scores from any test date you took the SAT. If you takethe SAT more than once, then schools that SAT superscore will take your highest Critical Reading score, highest Math score, and highest Writing score. Added together, these scores could potentially add up to a much higher total than what you geton any one sitting. Consider this example, where you took the SAT three times. On Test 1, you score highly on Reading. You get a strong Math score on Test 2 and a strong Writing scoreon Test 3. On each individual setting, your composite score is a 1500. But when you superscore? That composite jumps up600 pointsto an impressive 2100! Section Reading Math Writing Composite Test 1 700 400 400 1500 Test 2 400 700 400 1500 Test 3 400 400 700 1500 Superscore 700 700 700 2100 While this is a somewhat extreme example, you can see how this policy could definitely work in your favor, as well as take some of the pressure off any one test. So if you know your colleges will superscore your SAT scores, how can you use this policy to your advantage? Why Superscoring Matters to You If your colleges superscore your SAT results, then you don't have to worry about one section score decreasing while another one goes up. Instead, your highest section scores will be valid and will be used when admissions officersconsider your application. This can take off pressure and stress when you take the SAT, plus it's another reason why taking the SAT more than once is a good idea. Students almost always improve their scores when they retake the SAT, especially if they take the time between tests to do serious, focused test prep. If you know that your colleges will superscore your results, then you could potentially "superscore" your own test. In other words, you could focus intensively on one section at a time. You could devote most of your energies to scoring a great math score on one test date, to Reading on another, and to Writing on the third, for example. This could help space out your studying over time and build up a strong SAT superscore across all the dates you choose to take the test. Not all students have the time or means to take this approach, and it's definitely not the only way to be strategic about taking the SAT. This policy can be helpful, especially for students who benefit from focusing on one section at a time, but you also want to proceed with caution. I still recommend taking every test seriously. You wouldn't want to completely skip a section, as huge fluctuations could still look strange to admissions officers, not to mention raise red flags to College Board scorers. Plus it would just throw off your whole pacing while taking the test. Building up your composite score section by section can be a useful, strategic approach to gaining strong SAT scores for your college applications. Just make sure you're going about it in a thoughtful and advantageous way. Of course, you also have to make sure your colleges have this policy of superscoring the SAT. Which Colleges Superscore the SAT? Many schools offer SAT superscore, but not all of them. Some schools will look at your highest sitting, while others don't publicize their policies and simply encourage you to send all your scores. Make sure to research your schools' policies before incorporating superscoring into your SAT strategy. Some popular colleges that SAT superscore are Boston College, Boston University, Columbia, Georgetown, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Princeton, University of Chicago, and the University of Connecticut. Cornell and Stanford, on the other hand, are two schools that are vague about their policies, but want you to send all your SAT scores. If schools don't superscore and don't state a "send all scores" policy, then you might want to consider using Score Choice. This option allows you to choose which score reports to send to your colleges, allowing you to leave one or more out if it haslow scores. Ideally, your schools will superscore your results, as this makes sending your score reports easier and works in your favor. So why do schools look at your SAT scores in this way? Are they just doing it to be nice? Why Do Schools Superscore the SAT? Why do colleges have this helpful policy in place? According to Columbia admissions, they're doing their part to reduce test-taking stress. They say, "We are always seeking to give students the greatest opportunity to showcase their academic talents and hoping to make the testing experience as stress-free as possible." MIT's reasoning is along similar lines: "We do this in order to consider all applicants in their best light." This policy certainly accomplishes these goals, but it likelyalso benefits the colleges along with thestudents. By showing that their accepted students have higher SAT scores, colleges can improve their rankings. Thus superscoring the SAT is beneficial all around. It helps a lot of students show higher SAT scores to schools, and it helps schools show that their students are highly achieving on the SAT. Win-win. Takeaways About SAT Superscoring If you're planning to take the SAT more than once, then superscoring is a beneficial policy. If your scores have ups and downs across different dates, then your schools will just look at your highest section scores. Even if they don't, knowing that your schools superscore can take the pressure off of each test date. You may incorporate this policy into your test prep strategy, if you have the time and means to do so. By studying intensively for one section at a time, you can build up your overall SAT scores over time. Make sure you research the standardized test policies of your colleges well in advance of applications. If they superscore, then you can take the SAT on various dates throughout high school with a very specific section target score in mind each time. In this way, you can use SAT superscoring to maximize your composite scoreand present a stellar SAT score on your college applications. What's Next? Did you know that schools are increasingly adapting test flexible and test optional policies? Some will accept AP or SAT Subject Tests in lieu of the SAT, while others don't require standardized testing at all. Check out the full list of schools who have eliminated the SAT/ACT completely in the application process. Are you planning to take the redesigned SAT in 2016? Read our full guide that details the changes and how you can adjust your prep to get ready for the redesign. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Assignment 2 - Individual Assignment 25 % (Management Practice) Essay

Assignment 2 - Individual Assignment 25 % (Management Practice) - Essay Example Businesses like BHP Billiton are required to comply with Australian laws relating to environmental responsibility, formulate and implement a strategy for environmental reporting and sustainable operations. This should be monitored and controlled on a regular basis. The board of directors has a primary obligation of ensuring that this is done. The report identifies that BHP Billiton has an active strategy for ensuring environmental responsibility. This is done through the Global Reporting Initiative (G3). This is monitored by the board of the company and given external assurance by KPMG. Additionally, the government environmental reporting guidelines are followed appropriately by the company. It shows promise of a commitment by the management of BHP Billiton to improve their environmental responsibility on an incremental basis. In order to improve environmental responsibility from the current position, BHP Billiton can consider segregating environmental matters and handling them with more focus. In addition, they can include significant elements of their operations in their reports. They can also use a futuristic approach in their reporting. Additionally, they will need to harmonise their environmental reporting standards around the world. ... As such, it is imperative on our generation to preserve the natural environment by using sustainable methods to exploit the available resources. The natural environment reflects humanity's impact on the environment and gives rise to an environmental footprint (Henriques, 2006: 121). As such, it is the obligation of corporate entities like BHP Billiton to address the issue of environmental degradation and ensure sustainable exploitation of natural resources (Boeger et al, 2008: 202). This can be done by identifying the relationship between the operation of BHP Billiton and the natural environment as well as the impact of our activities on the natural environment (Boeger et al, 2008: 202). Once this is known precisely, we can identify potential methods of reducing our impacts and find ways of ensuring sustainable operations. May et al (2007: 332) identify that there are five main elements that must be employed to ensure that we attain corporate environmental responsibility as a mining company. 1. Compliance: Mining companies like ours need to comply with relevant laws in the Australian Corporation Act, 2001 and the Australian Stock Exchange Listing Rules relating to environmental responsibility. 2. Openness: Need to be transparent in its operation by undertaking environmental reporting. This will show how much the company's operations are affecting the natural environment. This will give the impetus for environmental cuts. 3. Integration: Once the level of degradation from the mining company is identified, a strategy for cutting down on environmental degradation is formulated. Steps should be taken to ensure that all units of the organisation contribute to the strategy (Simpson, 2009: 85). 4. Collaboration: The management of the organisation will

The Effect of Workplace Conflicts on Productivity Essay

The Effect of Workplace Conflicts on Productivity - Essay Example Labour is one of the crucial factors of production, providing the necessary link between the raw materials, other factors of production, and the final products, their distribution and delivery to the final consumer. In simple terms, labour, otherwise known as workforce, comprises of all the various players including employees, their employers, managers, self-employed people, and in a sense, the unemployed population capable of providing labour (Reddy, 2004: 27). Though different perspectives have been taken, the argument that conflict in the workplace, in any of its forms, is not an important barrier to productivity nor is it an interesting topic for economic theory can be challenged. In several dimensions, work place conflicts have become normalities and facts of life. Diversity of opinions, which results from increasing labour in a workplace setting has contributed to different goals and objectives, which conflict in one way or the other. It can be argued from theoretical perspecti ve that though perceived negatively, conflicts in workplace are not at all times a negative thing. For as long as resolutions are effectively executed, chances of both personal and professional growth in the organization within which the conflicts exist can be promoted. However, management failure and evident reduced productivity have become the most common outcomes once an organization is faced by conflicts (Gramberg, 2006:68). Many of the factors that cause these conflicts are developed from within the organization. Through publications, several factors have been noted as the core contributors of workplace conflicts. For instance, poor wages by employees contributes immensely to these conflicts. Although workers have given their time and labor to contribute to the organizations’ progress, their efforts have not been reciprocated. As a result, they do not feel motivated. Though scholars believe that the result of reduced motivation is reduced output, which consequently reduc e productivity (Maravelas, 2008:14), the magnitude of the reduced productivity is not in any way negligible hence considered a factor to reduced productivity. Another factor contributing to workplace conflicts and believed to lower productivity is poor working condition. Companies that have recorded continuous growth from time to time have evidenced excellent working conditions, which include insurance and medical cover for all workers. When this covers are provided, workers feel part of the company or organization and feel protected at the same time hence productivity increases through increased individual output (Maravelas, 2008:69). Within organizations, bullying has taken place where by some individuals are considered less than others are. This trend still occurs during making of decision affecting the organizations. Whereby theorists advocate that all workers are involved in the process of decision-making, this is not the case. Management makes all the decisions on behalf of ot her people in the organization, including the decisions that affect the employees. Such a state is a form of bullying hence workers feel that they have been considered inferior and as a result relax in their work hence due to conflicts that result as they fight for their rights. This eventually leads to reduced produc