Janus Words

Janus Words Janus Words Janus Words By Maeve Maddox The Roman god Janus–the personification of a Latin word meaning â€Å"doorway†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwas depicted as having two faces, each pointing in opposite directions. He was the god of doorways and gateways, beginnings and endings. The term â€Å"Janus words† is applied to words that can mean opposites. A common example is the verb cleave, which can mean either, â€Å"to stick together† or â€Å"to cut apart†: Gawain cleaves off the strangers head in one blow, but the stranger does not die. And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? –Matthew 19:5, KJV. Such words are variously known as auto-antonyms, antilogies, enantiodromes, and contranyms. Because of the long-established term antonym as the word for â€Å"a word that is the opposite or antithesis of another,† it seems that auto-antonym is the most practical choice. Here are three examples of auto-antonyms: Sanguine The adjective sanguine is from the Latin for â€Å"bloody.† It can be used in a literal sense: â€Å"The sanguine murders were the work of a serial killer.† In medieval philosophy, people were believed to be governed by the â€Å"four humours†: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.† These humors embodied certain characteristics: blood: courageous, hopeful, amorous yellow bile: easily angered, bad-tempered black bile: despondent, sleepless, irritable phlegm: calm, emotional Someone of a â€Å"sanguine temperament,† for example, is governed by a cheerful disposition. The auto-antonym sanguine can mean either â€Å"bloody, bloodthirsty,† or â€Å"cheerful, loving.† Sanction The verb sanction comes from a Latin noun, sanctionem, which meant something that was so important or sacred that it was required; the law even imposed a penalty for failure to perform it. Both good and bad notions, therefore, attached to the word. As an English verb, sanction can mean either, â€Å"to endorse or authorize,† or â€Å"to punish.† For example, Court will sanction Prenda lawyers if they don’t appear April 2 (i.e., will punish them) Illinois Becomes 20th State to Sanction Therapeutic Use of Cannabis (i.e., approve) Dust The verb dust originated with a Germanic noun that probably meant â€Å"that which rises or is blown in a cloud, like vapor, smoke, or dust. † In modern usage, the verb dust can mean either â€Å"to remove dust particles from a surface,† or â€Å"to sprinkle dust particles on a surface.† For example, I want you to dust the furniture before the guests arrive. (remove the dust) The last step is to dust the cake with powdered sugar. (apply a dusting of sugar) The use of auto-antonyms usually offers no difficulty to native speakers because the meaning is usually clear from their context. ESL speakers may have trouble with them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceTime Words: Era, Epoch, and Eonâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Haldol Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Haldol - Research Paper Example The last section includes concluding response to this problem. The method used is particularized examination of the literature together with the critical summarizing and personal inferences on the topic. Haldol is a brand name of an antipsychotic medication that is used by people who suffer from severe physical or mental illness and helps normalize some difficulties occurred within the mental process (Ogbru, 2012). Its generic name is Haloperidol Lactate (AHFS, 2014). This preparation has been approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration in 1967 and after that it has come on the market (Ogbru, 2012). Haldol is manufactured in tablets with 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg of Haloperidol in each; according to this oral concentrate is 1 and 2 mg/ml. Injectable solution (lactate) is considered to be 5 mg/ml while injectable solution (decanoate) stands for 50 and 100 mg/ml (Ogbru, 2012). Storage conditions for this drug are remained to be 15-30 C (59-86 F) or it corresponds to normal room temperature (Ogbru, 2012). Information about pricing of this drug has been updated in Feb 2014 and the comparative data includes facts that â€Å"Haloperidol 0.5MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 90/$16.99 or 180/$22.97; Haloperidol 1MG Tablets (MYLAN): 90/$19.99 or 180/$27.98; Haloperidol 10MG Tablets (ZYDUS PHARMACEUTICALS (USA)): 60/$72.99 or 180/$202.98; Haloperidol 2MG Tablets (MYLAN): 90/$20.99 or 270/$40.96; Haloperidol 20MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 60/$124.99 or 180/$342.97; Haloperidol 5MG Tablets (MYLAN): 90/$25.99 or 270/$55.98† (AHFS, 2014). Therefore, it should be admitted that price depends on the quantity of the Haloperidol in one tablet and the number of tablets in the pack. Haloperidol is widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia concerning all stages of the disease â€Å"including acute psychotic episodes as well for long-term stabilization and to minimize risk of relapse† (AHFS, 2014). Also, prolonged antipsychotic therapy for people who suffer from

SCM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SCM - Essay Example There are various ways by which optimization of logistical networks can be achieved. SCM is therefore composed of several philosophies on how best to achieve its objectives of a fully-integrated chain of activities encompassing the movement of raw materials, the internal processing of these materials into finished goods inventory and shipping out these products into the market in the fastest and most efficient manner to achieve strategic marketing aims. This paper tackles the two types of systems commonly used today – the JIT and the MRP. Discussion The strategic concept of supply chain management lies in the realization that no single business entity is an island and cannot function optimally if it works entirely alone. The SCM idea is anchored on the dictum that a company providing products or services is nothing but a chain of continually evolving capabilities in a globalized marketplace (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen, 2005:50); it combines its capabilities with the capabilit ies of other firms it deals with. Any discussion of supply chain management involves the subject of logistics. ... Logistics is a way to achieve superior customer service through a precise method of inventory management attained through having the right materials at the right time in the right quantities at a lowest possible cost at the right place. This obsession to have everything right is contained in the JIT or just-in-time management originally developed by Toyota Motors Corporation of Japan. The just-in-time philosophy - of inventory management is anchored on the simple but very profound idea that inventory supplies should not be delivered yet until when required. It therefore presupposes an efficient supply chain that delivers the needed materials just in time when these are needed at the precise moment during the production process to avoid a costly stock-out that disrupts entire production and raises costs or lowers profits. A guiding principle behind this seemingly simple idea is to let demand determine the supply. This simply means a part or material needed will be delivered only at th e precise moment it is needed, not a second earlier or a second later. Benefits of using JIT include smaller storage areas, lower operating capital needed for inventories and minimize need for big buffer stocks (Hensher, 2001:90). Another philosophy underpinning the JIT system is the pull concept of operating costs wherever along the chain. Besides determining the supply through the pull of the demand for a particular inventory item necessary for input in the next production process, JIT places a big emphasis on suppliers to the market a product that is affordable; their profits depend to large extent on internal operational efficiencies that allows profits at a price set by the customer.

Image and Mask Ideas in Yeatss William Butler Work Essay

Image and Mask Ideas in Yeatss William Butler Work - Essay Example She agreed that in return for the ability to control her own life, the Devil could have her soul" (Golden Dawn date unknown). Yeats "Was to remain infatuated with her for most, if not all of his life and who was also to a certain extent influenced by her nationalistic outlook" (NLI, 2006, page 1), a complex relationship that informed some of his greatest poetry, although it remained unrequited. She repeatedly refused Yeats' proposals but even after she married, Yeats waited until 1917 before he married Georgie Hyde-Lees, a partnership made strangely happy by Georgie's automatic writings: "When the 'almost illegible writing' had first appeared, Yeats found it 'so exciting' that he 'offered' he said 'to spend what remained of life explaining' his vision preoccupied him until the day that he died" (Wilson, 1999, page 225). Only a few years after their marriage, Yeats became a Senator within the Irish Free State (1922), and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature (1923), although he h ad previously refused a British Knighthood; he was still writing poetry until his death in 1939. Yeats was a polymath with a wide variety of interests; a recent editor of his work describes him as a: "Playwright, literary journalist, critic, editor, public speaker, student and recorder of oral tradition, genuine and independent investigator of the Occult, mythologist and mythmaker" (Webb in Yeats, 2000, page XIV). As a man obsessed with the concepts of masks and performance, it should not be surprising that he adopted so many guises: as well as literary leanings; Yeats also used a number of personas in his poetry, masks or identities behind which he could say what he chose, and not be ridiculed for it. His creative role was not merely to be a spokesperson for Irish nationalism, or an occult movement, or resurgence in interest in Celtic mythology, but to be the creator that takes on the masks of ancient myths in order to give voice to a society: Celtic revivalists like W.B.Yeats and Douglas Hydedeliberately set about searching out Ireland's ancient past to create a sense of identity and self-respect for the Irish peoplethey were determined to establish national pride by seeking out the origins of Irish Civilization (McCaffrey and Eaton, 2002) This essay will attempt to study the role of Masks and Imagery in the works of W.B.Yeats. Looking first at the way in which Yeats' ideas of Image developed from his experiences in the Golden Dawn and other esoteric groups, and considering how this is reflected in his work, the essay will then look at how his use of the Mask reflects some of Yeats' ideas of the self, and whether "The doctrine of the Mask is so complex and so central in Yeats that we can hardly attend to it too closely" (Splittgerber, 2005). The essay will then return to consider the connections between the mask and the image in Yeats' work, and whether these are as closely connected as proposed. The conclusion will then draw these ideas together to provide a solution to Yeats' use of such symbols in both his prose and poetical works. Yeats and Imagery Yeats spent a number of years as a member of The Golden Dawn; significantly, this magical order emphasized use of the Tarot

To the Lighthouse Essay Example for Free

To the Lighthouse Essay The novel To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf published in 1927 is a milestone of high modernism and experiments the stream-of-consciousness style. There are three sections in the book and the text revolves around the Ramsay family during their visit to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 1nd 1920. The fundamental theme of the novel is the universal contradiction of feminine and masculine opinions. The two leading characters in the novel represent the two contradictory themes. Mrs. Ramsey is highly sensitive and emotional in her outlook and she represents female attitude, while Mr. Ramsey is egotistical theorist and represents male attitude with lucid exposition. Both are bound in their restricted boundary and therefore lack impartial, liberal and rational viewpoint. Lily Briscoe, a painter and house guest of the Ramsey, is Woolf’s vision of the genderless artist who typifies the perfect combination of female and male qualities. She successfully completes a painting on which she concentrates from the beginning is symbolical of female and male combination. The first part of the novel, the window, opens with Ramsey’s in their summer house at Hebrides. We see a new day starts with the promise of Mrs. Ramsey to take her son, James to the lighthouse but Mr. Ramsey interrupts and says Mukherjee 2 that the weather will not allow it. Small James feels very angry with his father for scorning his mother. Here the psychological factor â€Å"oedipal complex† propounded by Freud can be recollected. James hates his father while he considers his mother â€Å"ten thousand times better in every way† (chp-1). The relationship of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey is also emphasized in this section of the novel. They are quite the opposite to each other. Mr. Ramsey is peculiar and unconventional in attitude while Mrs. Ramsey fights at every stage to maintain a congruent atmosphere. We watch the drama as if through a window and can hear their internal thoughts and feelings speak. The most dramatic scene of Mrs. Ramsay’s dinner party is the nucleus of the novel. The party begins with a catastrophe. The guests come late and Mr. Ramsey behaves rudely towards them (chp-xvii). The opening of the chapter shifts from one party goers’ observation to the other. Each is seen to be â€Å"remote† and like Tansley they all feel â€Å"rough and isolated and lonely†. The connection of Lily and Mrs. Ramsey deepens in chapter xvii and she feels she acts in the same way in her mockery with Tansley. She concludes all women even those in conventional position feel the control of tradition. The section of the novel gives the impression of the time passing and the feeling of absence and death. Woolf wrote that her purpose of writing this section was â€Å"an interesting experiment (that gave) the sense of ten years passing. It’s the time when Britain got involved and finished fighting the World War I. A number of changes take place. Mrs. Ramsey passes away, Pru dies in childbirth. Mr. Ramsey is left alone, no one is there to praise and comfort him in times of his frustration when he doubts the long term existence of his philosophical work. Woolf’s works closely observe men and their perceptions rather than concentrating on the objects of vision. There is much allusion to autobiography of Woolf throughout the novel. Mukherjee 3 Works Cited Woolf, Virginia, To The Lighthouse (1927) www. googlescholar. com Reference articles and journals on To The Lighthouse.

Theories Of Drunvalo Melchizadek And Jungian Biology Essay

Theories Of Drunvalo Melchizadek And Jungian Biology Essay In genetics, it is understood that humans have 44 chromosomes (22 pairs), plus 2 sex chromosomes that determine gender. That is scientific fact. Heres where it gets tricky. Suppose one has more or less than 44? Indeed, it can happen; some genetic disorders are caused by this. But what affect could it have not simply on the human body, but on the human consciousness? From the metaphysicist himself, Drunvalo Melchizadek: There are three totally different kinds of humans on the Earth, meaning that they perceive the One reality in three different ways, interpreted differently. The first kind of human has a chromosome composition of 42+2. They comprise a unity consciousness that does not see anything outside themselves as being separate from themselves. To them, there is only one energy one life, one beingness that moves everywhere. Anything happening anywhere is within them, as well. They are like cells in the body. They are all connected to a single consciousness that moves through all of them. These are the aboriginals in Australia. There might be a few African tribes left like this. Then, there is our level, comprising 44+2 chromosomes. We are a disharmonic level of consciousness that is used as a steppingstone from the 42+2 level to the next level, 46+2. We are dangerous to both ourselves and nature, but we are necessaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦These two additional chromosomes change everything (Melchizedek ). In short, those lacking a pair of chromosomes (compared to normal humans) perceive all reality and being as one. This falls into line quite well with the spiritual beliefs of the Aborigines in particular (however, it must be pointed out that no group of people today currently possess the requisite 42 chromosomes). In metaphor, reality is one giant landmass with no divisions, no individuals. Those with the 44 chromosomes (in short, us), are unstable. Our level of evolution is simply a building block to 46. We have individual lives, but now fail to ever come together. In essence, each reality is a completely isolated island from one another. Building from this, it could be reasoned that our pain, suffering, ignorance, apathy and general bad qualities stem from our chromosomal imbalance. Therefore, the only way to truly rid ourselves of these is by moving on. Finally, to 46; the next step in human evolution. According to Melchizadeks theories, it is at this point that we come together as individual to make one, each separate, but unified. In his words again: The main change will be a shift to the unity consciousness. Every cell in your body has its own consciousness and memory. You, the higher being that occupies your body, make the millions of different consciousnesses in your body work together as one being. How does this relate to this [new evolution]? Think of yourself as a cell and the grid as the higher being. We will still have individual consciousness, but will be united in the form of a higher being in order to work as one entity (Melchizedek). In the perspective of the Christian religion, it could be viewed as a step towards becoming more God or Christ like; individual pieces making up a whole, not far from the Body of Christ belief. As all-in-one, we would achieve universal understanding. There would be no pain, no suffering, nor ignorance or apathy. To draw another parallel, it would be quite similar to the Kingdom of God or Heaven. Being said, how do we move from 44 to 46? In more general terms, perhaps it is simpler to ask how we can move from where we are as imperfect humans to something beyond, something greater, the next step. Heres where the lyrics of Forty-Six 2 and elements of Jungian psychology come into play. At the heart of Maynards Forty-Six 2 lies the concept of Change is coming through my shadow. In Jungian psychology, the mind is broken down into many parts, including the anima/animus, the ego and the shadow. In males, the anima is a group of feminine traits suppressed deep into the subconscious. Similarly, the animus is the group of masculine traits suppressed in the subconscious of females. Though not consciously present, the anima and animus affect our behavior in powerful ways. Commonly, we seek out or project those traits out onto other of the opposite sex. This accounts for the feeling of falling in love at first sight. Though we may hardly know the person, our subconscious knows what they represent. As the opposite of the conscious self, the anima/animus can act as a guide to our own subconscious. They are often expressed as the guiding female (if youre male) or male (if youre female) figures in our dreams. In short, our unconscious egos (the anima/animus), are traits we desire in the opposite sex we ourselves suppress. Conversely, the ego is our conscious mind, our sense of personal self. This sense of personal identity is purchased, however, at the expense of certain tendencies that are rejected as not-self. These rejected traits come together as a kind of unconscious counter-ego, termed the shadow. Unexplainable feelings of annoyance, anxiousness or even anger can be a result of being in contact with someone who possesses elements of our repressed selves. In dreams, out shadow may take a physical form, often as an adversary of the same gender. Of all the elements that make up our psyche, the shadow has the potential to be both the most dangerous and the most critical to our personal developments. It represents everything we most fear and despise, but also represents everything we must master to move forward. Maynards suggestion for moving from our level to the next is by embracing the shadow. By taking in the previously rejected aspects of ourselves (the not-self) and learning to live with them (it), we take a great leap towards making ourselves whole again. Do what it takes to move through, to lie, cry, die, and kill but also to move, grow and to learn are fundamental. Deep concepts and New Age theories are nothing new for Maynard and Tool. With track titles like Stinkfist, Pushit, Third Eye, Schism and Parabola, Tool has never been, nor tried to be, a band easily understood from the surface. Their song lyrics, stage shows and even album artwork all reflect this. The cover to the album Aenima, from which the song Forty-Six 2 is taken, even follows some of the themes from the aforementioned song. At first glance all one notices is the burst of white light at the center. Closer inspection reveals a series of out of focus eyes ringing the light. In typical Tool fashion, theyve said exactly what theyve wanted to say without seeming to have said anything coherent at all. Think outside the box (literally). Sure, we can all see or understand out personal shadows to some degree (hence the shadowy, out of focus eyes). What lays beyond them, though, no one truly understands. Its a revelation so blindingly bright theres no seeing through it, nor any turning back. Those willing to think for themselves (a motto of soft for the band), will see the album cover, open the CD and learn things they may never had known before. With luck, theyll never be quite the same for it. Our shadows are elementary, almost primal. Only by looking within, to listen to my muscle memory and reflect on what makes us us can we find our way through to the other side. By picking scabs and metaphorically uncovering old wounds we can confront what we previously rejected and avoided. We can step into the shadow and find new understanding on the other side. Works Cited or Consulted Keenan, Maynard James. Forty-Six 2. Aenima. Rec. Sept. 1995. Volcano, 1996. Melchizedek, Drunvalo. Leading Edge Interviews Drunvalo Melchizedek. Interview with Val Valerian. Leading Edge Interview with Drunvalo Melchizedek. Ed. Joshua Shapiro. Dec. 1995. VJ Enterprises. 13 Sept. 2008 . Tool. Album Booklet. Aenima. Rec. Sept. 1995. Volcano, 1996. Appendix A Forty-Six 2 Written by Maynard James Keenan of Tool My shadows shedding skin and Ive been picking Scabs again. Im down Digging through My old muscles Looking for a clue. Ive been crawling on my belly Clearing out what couldve been. Ive been wallowing in my own confused And insecure delusions For a piece to cross me over Or a word to guide me in. I wanna feel the changes coming down. I wanna know what Ive been hiding in My shadow. Change is coming through my shadow. My shadows shedding skin Ive been picking My scabs again. Ive been crawling on my belly Clearing out what couldve been. Ive been wallowing in my own chaotic And insecure delusions. I wanna feel the change consume me, Feel the outside turning in. I wanna feel the metamorphosis and Cleansing Ive endured within My shadow Change is coming. Now is my time. Listen to my muscle memory. Contemplate what Ive been clinging to. Forty-six and two ahead of me. I choose to live and to Grow, take and give and to Move, learn and love and to Cry, kill and die and to Be paranoid and to Lie, hate and fear and to Do what it takes to move through. I choose to live and to Lie, kill and give and to Die, learn and love and to Do what it takes to step through. See my shadow changing, Stretching up and over me. Soften this old armor. Hoping I can clear the way By stepping through my shadow, Coming out the other side. Step into the shadow. Forty six and two are just ahead of me. Appendix B Aenima album cover

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge :: Essays Papers

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge The concept of ‘knowledge’ is infinitely broad, but there do exist three subcategories in which a majority of knowledge is encompassed. The knowledge contained within each category carries with it different characteristics, different applications, and certainly varying amounts of weight from the perspective of any individual. The three categories are religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge. Many questions arise when examining this system of partition. Should knowledge from one category be trusted over knowledge from another? Is one type of knowledge more easily verified than a different type? What exactly are all the differences between religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge? Reasonable answers to all these questions could not responsibly be answered in this, or any single paper, however, there is one question that can be answered to a reasonable degree of certainty. Which type of knowledge is the most applicable to the real world ? Despite the mass appeal of religious knowledge and the arguable purity of mathematical knowledge, it is the tangible scientific knowledge that is most useful and most applicable to the real world. In order to justify this, it is necessary to present at least a brief investigation into each type of knowledge, noting its origin, appeal, and other unique characteristics. We begin with religious knowledge. 86% percent of people in the world categorize themselves as religious1. This must imply that a very large proportion of the world’s population puts at least some trust in religious knowledge. The problem with discussing religious knowledge is that it is based completely on faith. There is no accepted â€Å"proof† of the existence of a god or gods, so when an individual chooses to believe in a higher power, he or she does so by possessing faith in the truthfulness and accuracy of the religious texts and/or oral tradition associated with that religion. Many religious people, especially those deeply religious, consider the existence of god simply as a given in life. â€Å"What truth so obvious, so certain, as the being of a God, which the most ignorant ages have acknowledged†¦what truth so important as this, which is the ground of all our hopes, the surest foundation of morality, the firmest support of society, and the only principle which ought never to be a moment absent from our thoughts and meditations.